Communication Skills 1

Graphic Conventions
COMMUNICATION
SKILLS
PG. 37-53
Graphic conventions Working drawings
•Purpose of graphic •Techniques for planning
•Graphic conventions •Single view flat 2D drawings
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Artistic drawings
•Vanishing point perspective drawings
•Sketching
Purpose of Graphics
We use graphic communication in various

stages of the design process.
Some reasons we draw in technology:
 Imagination
 Improve your ideas.
 Share ideas.
 Plan your work.
 Show your finished product.
In technology you must draw what you see, not
what your brain knows. In the design process,
you often have to choose and develop your
best idea.
Graphic conventions
 Understands drawings in the same way.
 We use different types of drawings for
different reasons.
 Sketches are used for quick drawings to
help us record and develop our ideas.
 Hard-line drawings use very precise
methods and are very accurate.
Communicate with the person making
the product.
Drawing lines
Hard-line drawings
Using drawing instruments.
All lines same thickness and darkness.
Use a sharp pencil and make sure your
ruler and instruments are clean.
Make sure your ruler has clear millimetre
markings.
Construction/feint lines
 When you start a hard-line drawing, use thin,
light lines as guidelines.
 It’s easier to make feint lines with a harder
(2H) pencil.
 Most construction lines are drawn to long.
They are called extension lines. They help
with accuracy. They are rubbed out when the
drawing is finished.
Hidden detailed lines
 We use hidden detail lines to show parts
that you wouldn’t see in real life.
 The best way to do this is to erase
evenly sized pieces of the lines.
 Lines that are within or behind the form
are made into broken lines. They must
be the same thickness and darkness as
the other lines in the drawing.
Centre lines
 A drawing of a single view can be
enhanced by adding a centre line.
 It is used in symmetrical views.
 They help us imagine what the drawing
would be like if it were built as a model
or prototype.
 Easiest way to make centre lines is to
erase line segments, as when drawing a
hidden detail line.
Date Communication skills
Page 37-54
Drawing lines
- Hard lines
- Construction lines
- Hidden detail lines
- Centre lines
- Dimension bars
Scale
o Is a fixed relationship between a real
thing and a drawing or model of it.
o If a scale of 1 : 10 is used, it means
the real thing is 10 times larger than
the drawing.
o If a scale of 5 : 1 is used, it means the
real thing is five times smaller than
the drawing.
Types of drawings
• Oblique drawings – front view is the true view,
three dimensions, 45° top and side view
• Isometric drawings – pictorial, top and side, 30°
• One-point perspective drawings – single
vanishing point
• Two-point perspective drawings – two vanishing
points
• Crating- to draw more complex shapes, create
box
• Sketches- also known as freehand drawings,
no rulers are used
25
35
45
Sides = 50
Isometric view
60mm
m m
30 20mm
50mm
20
m
m
Orthographic view
One-point perspective drawings
Two-point perspective drawings
Crating
One-point perspective
Two-point perspective
First angle orthographic projection
 Has 3 accurate views of a product:
 Front view
 Side view (left)
 Plan/ top view
o Includes dimensions and details
Symbol
Front Side (left)
Top
Front Side (left)
Top
Redraw the following on the 30° grid
paper – use the measurements given
New words
Hard-line drawings- drawings made with drawing instruments or
rulers. Drawings are made quite slowly and with great care.
Construction (feint) lines- light or thin lines helping in making a
hard-line drawing.
Line extensions- lines that extend beyond the edge of a shape in
a hard-line drawing.
Accuracy- making sure a line is in exactly the right place in a
drawing.
Hidden detail line- a dash or broken line with short pieces
rubbed out, which shows where lines fall behind a shape in a
hard-line drawing.
Centre line- a chain of regular line segments separated by
aligned spaced dots; a line in the centre of one face of a drawing.
Scale- fixed relationship between measurements
of drawings or models and the real objects or
space.
Grid- Parallel and perpendicular lines that make
up squares of the same size.
Statement scale- fixed relationship between
measurements of drawings or models and the real
object or space, expressed in words.
Ratio scale- fixed relationship between
measurements of drawings or models and the real
object or space, expressed as numbers of units; in
reality represented by one unit on the drawing.
SI units- units of measurements like metres,
millimetres or kilometres, where a base unit, is
either divided into smaller parts or multiplied to
make larger units.
Dimensions- accurate measurements of part of a
design or product.
Shape lines- darker or thicker lines showing the
edge of a 3D shape.
Form lines- lighter or thinner lines showing the
lines inside the edge of a 3D shape.

Communication Skills 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Communication Skills 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Communication Skills 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Graphic Conventions

We use graphic communication in various

- Hidden detail lines

You might also like