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FORMALISM

The document discusses the literary analysis approach of formalism, which focuses on analyzing the formal elements and literary devices within a text, such as characters, plot, imagery, and theme. It provides examples of various formalist literary terms and how they can be used to critique a short story or poem. The document also includes an example poem and activity for learners to practice analyzing a work using formalist literary terms and concepts.

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Cyper Jethroe Ordonia
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38 views

FORMALISM

The document discusses the literary analysis approach of formalism, which focuses on analyzing the formal elements and literary devices within a text, such as characters, plot, imagery, and theme. It provides examples of various formalist literary terms and how they can be used to critique a short story or poem. The document also includes an example poem and activity for learners to practice analyzing a work using formalist literary terms and concepts.

Uploaded by

Cyper Jethroe Ordonia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Guessing Game

TER

HARRY POTTER
LE

PRINCESS BELLE
TWI

TWILIGHT
PRINCESS ARIEL
THE

LORD OF THE RINGS


NA

PRINCESS TIANA
PER

PERCY JACKSON
HUNGER GAMES
CRITIQUING A
LITERARY
SELECTION USING
STRUCTURALISM
AND FORMALISM
APPROACH
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, the learners should be able to:

 define what is formalism;

 identify the different literary terms of formalism;

 use a graphic organizer to evaluate the used terms in a short


story; and

 show appreciation of the value of critiquing a literary piece.


FORMALISM
Formalism refers to a style of inquiry that focuses almost
exclusively, on features of the literary text itself to the exclusion
of biographical, historical, or intellectual contexts.

“Formalism” is, as the name implies, an interpretive approach


that emphasizes literary form and the study of literary devices
within the text. The work of the Formalists had a general impact
on later developments in “Structuralism” and other theories of
narrative. “Formalism,” like “Structuralism,” sought to place the
study of literature on a scientific basis through objective analysis
of the motifs, devices, techniques, and other “functions” that
comprise the literary work.
Formalist literary terms:
 Character

 Figures of speech

 Imagery

 Plot

 Point of View

 Setting

 Theme
CHARACTER
Creation and representation of fictional persons and
entities.
● antagonist- the main villain

● dynamic- changing, growing, active

● flat- not well-developed


CHARACTER
● protagonist- the main character with whom the
audience is expected to sympathize.
● symbolic- caricature that is representative of certain
kind of people
FIGURES OF SPEECH
Various expressive devices used in vivid writing.
● sarcasm- making serious fun of things, ideas, people
or events.
● metaphor- brief or extended comparison of
something with something else.
● hyperbole- exaggerated statements or claims
FIGURES OF SPEECH
● personification- comparing inanimate things to
people
● simile- something or someone is “as a” something
else
● symbolism- using inanimate or imagined things to
stand for real situations.
● alliteration- the occurrence of the same letter or
sound in the beginning words.
FIGURES OF SPEECH
● synecdoche- using the narrative of a large human
issue to illustrate a smaller, more particular concern;
comparing a whole with one or more of its parts (as
in saying “the smiling year” to indicate spring)
● metonymy- using the story of a small, localized event
to illustrate a larger social concern; comparing a part
with the whole (as in “he gave up the sword” to icate
leaving a life of warfare)
IMAGERY
Specific details used to describe characters,
situations, things, ideas, or events.
● hearing- images that make you hear sounds in your
mind
● seeing- images that draw mental pictures

● smelling- images that bring the memories of odors


and aromas to mind
IMAGERY
● tasting- images that make you recall or imagine how
something might taste
● touching- images that help you imagine how
something might feel on your skin
● extrasensory- images that take you to an imaginary
world of sensations
PLOT
A series of events or happening that organize a text.
● exposition- it introduce the characters
● rising action- where the conflict is encounter
● climax- the point of highest dramatic tension in a text
● falling action- when the conflict is now resolve
● resolution- the ending of the story
PLOT
● complicated- characterized by many twists and turns
● conflict- plot features that demonstrate human
rivalries and difficulties, wether internal or external.
 external- conflicts that are active, perhaps physical
or overtly expressed
 internal- conflicts that are passive, perhaps mental or
covertly expressed
● denoement- final part of a play, movie, or narrative
POINT OF VIEW
Perspective of the controlling narrative voice
● first person- narrative voice that speaks with “I/we/us”
pronouns
● second person- uses the word “you” to address the reader.
● third person- narrative voice that uses”he/she/they”
pronouns
SETTING
Atmosphere, historical period, physical setting, or
mood of text.
● place- physical location of events, things, characters, and
historical times
● time- physical progression of events
● ahistorical- not grounded in any “real” historical period;
imaginary or fantastic
● chronological- linear telling of events
THEME
A major idea or message in the text.
● controlling idea- the organizing theme of a work
● related ideas- subthemes that contribute to the
development of the main idea
● separate issues- ideas not directly related to the main idea
or subthemes, but that are nevertheless important and
contribute the overall success of the text.
RICHARD CORY
By: Edwin Arlington Robinson

Whenever Richard Cory went down town, And he was rich—yes, richer than a king—
We people on the pavement looked at him: And admirably schooled in every grace:
He was a gentleman from sole to crown, In fine, we thought that he was everything
Clean favored, and imperially slim. To make us wish that we were in his place.

And he was always quietly arrayed, So on we worked, and waited for the light,
And he was always human when he talked; And went without the meat, and cursed the
But still he fluttered pulses when he said, bread;
"Good-morning," and he glittered when he And Richard Cory, one calm summer night,
walked. Went home and put a bullet through his head.
ACTIVITY: POEM ANALYSIS
PART 1:
 Title
 Author
 Rhyme scheme
 Theme (write the theme in one sentence, what the
story is about)
 Vocabulary words( choose five unfamilliar words and
look for their meaning)
PART II: CRITIQUING
Questions:
1. What is the point of view of the poem?
2. What are the literary devices that used in the poem?
3. What is the conflict in the poem?
4. What is the character’s motivation for the decisions and actions
he/she/it makes?
5. What lesson that the author want you to learn from the poem?

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