This document discusses counterfeiting of documents and different types of document fraud. It defines counterfeiting as the unauthorized reproduction of an authentic document to pass as the original. Different types of document fraud are discussed, including forged documents, counterfeit documents, blank stolen documents, and pseudo documents. Philippine law on forgery and penalties for forging passports and travel documents is also summarized. The document aims to provide knowledge on counterfeit documents and analyze different forms of document fraud.
This document discusses counterfeiting of documents and different types of document fraud. It defines counterfeiting as the unauthorized reproduction of an authentic document to pass as the original. Different types of document fraud are discussed, including forged documents, counterfeit documents, blank stolen documents, and pseudo documents. Philippine law on forgery and penalties for forging passports and travel documents is also summarized. The document aims to provide knowledge on counterfeit documents and analyze different forms of document fraud.
This document discusses counterfeiting of documents and different types of document fraud. It defines counterfeiting as the unauthorized reproduction of an authentic document to pass as the original. Different types of document fraud are discussed, including forged documents, counterfeit documents, blank stolen documents, and pseudo documents. Philippine law on forgery and penalties for forging passports and travel documents is also summarized. The document aims to provide knowledge on counterfeit documents and analyze different forms of document fraud.
This document discusses counterfeiting of documents and different types of document fraud. It defines counterfeiting as the unauthorized reproduction of an authentic document to pass as the original. Different types of document fraud are discussed, including forged documents, counterfeit documents, blank stolen documents, and pseudo documents. Philippine law on forgery and penalties for forging passports and travel documents is also summarized. The document aims to provide knowledge on counterfeit documents and analyze different forms of document fraud.
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COUNTERFEITING
OF DOCUMENTS (IN RELATION TO ECONOMIC CRIME)
Presented by: Mabutol, Mark Ryan
OBJECTIVES: • To know counterfeit documents • Knowledgeable of law pertains to counterfeit documents • Analyze different types of document fraud COUNTERFEITING Counterfeiting is an economic crime which causes serious damage to global economy, it affects the production process of businesses thus resulting in job loss and represents a threat for the health and safety of consumers and environment. COUNTERFEIT Counterfeit is defined as any wholesale fraudulent imitation. Counterfeiting is done to produce a copy that passes as the original. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOCUMENT FRAUD Criminals and terrorists often make fraudulent use of both fake and genuine identity and travel documents in order to carry out their illegal activities: • False documents: • Counterfeits • Forgeries • Pseudo documents • Genuine documents: • Fraudulently obtained genuine documents • Genuine documents misused by an impostor. FORGED DOCUMENTS • Unauthorized alteration made to an authentic/genuine document, after having been lawfully issued. • It includes: i. Photo substitution ii. Page substitution iii. Data alteration (physical or chemical erasures) attacks on the visas and on the entry/ exit stamps, etc. COUNTERFEIT DOCUMENTS • An unauthorized reproduction of an authentic/genuine document. • [a document entirely produced by a fraudster/forger] BLANK STOLEN DOCUMENTS • Authentic/genuine documents, the blank of which, was misappropriated and personalized by an unauthorized person or entity. • [a document issued (personalized) by a fraudster/forger] TAMPERING THE CONTACTLESS IC • An illegal addition, alteration or destruction of a contactless Integrated Chip in an authentic/genuine document. FRAUDULENTLY OBTAINED DOCUMENTS • Authentic/genuine document issued by the legal authority, based on deception by the “applicant” through: • The use of breeder documents, either false, counterfeited or genuine ones belonging to someone else; • Cooperation of corrupt official; • Impersonation of the rightful holder of a genuine document. IMPOSTER • An imposter is someone who knowingly misrepresents him or herself by using someone else’s identity or travel document, from which the biographical details and photograph resembles more or less this person, as if he or she was the rightful bearer of such document. PSEUDO DOCUMENTS • Pseudo documents comprise a range of documentation which has no legal value and therefore proves neither the identity nor the nationality of an individual. • A pseudo document has the appearance of an existing document, however it is not issued by an existing and legally recognized authority of a given State or Organization, recognized under international law. • It includes: i. Fantasy documents ii. Camouflage documents iii. Fictitious documents, etc. FANTASY DOCUMENTS • Fantasy documents bear the names of imaginary states or organizations. The issuer is neither a recognized State, nor an authorized entity/authority. FICTITIOUS DOCUMENTS • Documents, visas or stamps that bear the name of an existing and recognized State or organization, but do not correspond to any existing real document in the country or international organized indicated. CAMOUFLAGE DOCUMENT
• Documents that claim to come
from countries or organizations that no longer exist or that have been renamed, e.g. British Honduras (now Belize). PHILIPPINE LAW • REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8239 • PHILIPPINE PASSPORT ACT OF 1996 • SEC. 19. Offenses and Penalties. – A passport being a proclamation of the citizenship of a Filipino, is a document that is superior to all other official documents. As such, it should be accorded the highest respect by its holder that to do damage to its integrity and validity is a serious crime that should be penalized accordingly: PHILIPPINE LAW • c) Offenses Relating to Forgery: Penalties. – Any person who:
• 1. Falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, mutilates or alters any passport
or travel document or any supporting document for a passport application, with the intent of using the same shall be punished by a fine of not less than Sixty thousand pesos ( ₱60,000) nor more than One hundred fifty thousand pesos ( ₱150,000) and imprisonment of not less than six (6) years nor more than fifteen (15) years; or PHILIPPINE LAW • 2. Willfully or knowingly uses or attempts to use, or furnishes to another for use any such false, forged, counterfeited, mutilated or altered passport or travel document or any passport validly issued which has become void by the occurrence of any condition therein prescribed shall be punished by a fine of not less than Sixty thousand pesos ( ₱60,000) nor more than One hundred and fifty thousand pesos ( ₱150,000) and imprisonment of not less than six (6) years nor more than fifteen (15) years: Provided, however, That officers of corporations, agencies or entities licensed in the travel and recruitment industry would be held similarly as their agents, liaison officers or representatives: Provided, finally, That forgeries of five or more passports or travel documents, would be considered as massive forgery tantamount to national sabotage and shall be punished by a fine of not less than Two hundred and fifty thousand pesos ( ₱250,000) nor more than One Million pesos ( ₱1,000,000) and imprisonment of not less than seven (7) years nor more than seventeen (17) years. SUMMARY • Counterfeiting • Counterfeit • The different types of document fraud • REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8239 REFERENCES: • Counterfeiting and protected rights - Agenzia delle dogane e dei Monopoli (adm.gov.it) • Laboratory Examination of Counterfeit and Fraudulently Altered Documents | Office of Justice Programs (ojp.gov) • Counterfeit currency and security documents (interpol.int) • Introduction to fraudulent methods used in travel, identity and visa (icao.int) • https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1996/11/22/republic-act-no-8239/ THANK YOU!