Pa 201

Human Development and
Equality: Human Rights and

Gender
OBJECTIVES
 1. To broaden the student’s knowledge of development for

people as equality.
 2. To enable the students to look deeper into strategies for

development using the rights-based approach.
 3. To emphasize the importance of gender in the development

perspective.
Rights- based approach is an expansion of the earlier concept that puts emphasis on the
aspect of equality through the recognition of human rights as an approach to development
strategies. (UNDP 1998)
 The document (UNDP 1998) expanded the usual notion of rights- civil and political
such as voting, freedom of the press and religion, to include what it called social,
economic and cultural rights, ‘including the right to an adequate standard of living , the
right to education, the right to work and to equal pay for equal work, and the rights of
minorities to enjoy their own culture, religion and language”.
 Of particular importance to this view is the protection and advancement of the

rights of disadvantages and minority groups, such as women, children and
indigenous people.
 The UNDP document further stressed that “human rights and sustainable
human development are interdependent and mutually reinforcing, thus it
aims the following:
 1. Eliminating poverty and sustaining livelihoods
 2. Promoting the advancement of women;
 3. Protecting and regenerating the environment ; and
 4. Developing capacity for good governance.

 WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT (WID) looks at the role of women in
development, focusing on their expanded role in the economy
 WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT (WAD) looked closely at the role of

women in different aspects of life, focusing on their different roles and
needs which can be harnessed for development.
 GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) considered more apt

because, while it stresses the woman’s role in the society , it recognizes
that those roles are gendered, in other words learned.
 The concept of Gender and Development (GAD) posits that gendered relations affect
development , since relegating women in different societies into lower roles keep them
forever in a lower status that the males , whereas they can be harnessed well in the
contributions in the development process.
 The UN came up with the recognition that it is not only women’s contribution in
society that matters, but women are persons also with their own rights; just as the
concern for other sectors left out in the development process.
 The Philippines’ active policy if decentralization has helped so much in terms of

training women local officials to advocate for policies for women, by providing
awareness for gender concerns and responses for them through gender politics.
 Republic Act 7192 entitled, "An Act Promoting the Integration of Women as Full and
Equal Partners of Men in Development and Nation Building and for Other Purposes.
Removed discriminatory practices against women; it allowed women to borrow money by
themselves, enter formerly exclusive clubs and the military academies and police forces.
 (Republic Act No. 9262). Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act of 2004.
Provides for the protection of women and children against violence by defining
and providing penalties including imprisonment and fines.
Amending the Family Code of the Philippines to remove traces of inequality between
spouses with respect to their ability: to provide parental consent to marry, to administer
their community property or conjugal partnership, to exercise their parental authority
over the person and legal partnership over the property of common children.
According to the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Report 2021, the
Philippines has ranked 17th among 156 nations in closing gender inequality.
The Philippines, based on the report, has remained the top-performing country
in Asia after closing 78.4 percent of its overall gender gap.
The Philippines has been ranked among the top ten countries with the least
gender gap by the World Economic Forum. The other nine countries in the list
are all more developed economically than the Philippines; Sweden, Norway,
Finland, Iceland, Germany, New Zealand, Denmark, United Kingdom, and
Ireland.
However, Filipinas should not be complacent because, in reality, there is inequality
between male and female in the country.
We must also be aware that women’s actual political participation as elected officials is
still low in proportion to the women in the population.
. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, based on information provided by national

parliaments, the Philippines is classified as the 53rd country by descending order of the
percentage of women in the House of Representatives. 316 seats in the House of
Representatives with 75 women, which represent 23.7. And in the Senate, the Philippines
have 24 seats with 5 women, which constitute 20%.
The Philippines has had two female presidents. The first female president Corazon Aquino
struggled to address her country's economic problems and restored democracy to the
Philippines. The second president was Gloria Macapagal Arroyo who sponsored new laws
such as the indigenous people’s rights law and the anti-sexual harassment law.
 That is why the focus on gender and governance is very important. As
noted by NGO Report, training for women leaders is not wanting; it is the
number of women to be trained entering politics which must be expanded.
 In all, what it boils down to is that, we need not only women in policy-
making , but women and men who are aware of and committed to uplifting
the plight of women.
THANK YOU!!!

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Human Development and

Equality: Human Rights and

 1. To broaden the student’s knowledge of development for

 2. To enable the students to look deeper into strategies for

 3. To emphasize the importance of gender in the development

 Of particular importance to this view is the protection and advancement of the

 2. Promoting the advancement of women;

 3. Protecting and regenerating the environment ; and

 4. Developing capacity for good governance.

 WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT (WAD) looked closely at the role of

 GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) considered more apt

 The Philippines’ active policy if decentralization has helped so much in terms of

. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, based on information provided by national

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