CPE205 - Curriculum and Philosophy of Phil Educ

CURRICULUM
What is curriculum?
 The curriculum is the heart of the school. It serves
as the blueprint of the school.
 Curriculum is the system that governs all the processes
between learning and teaching, from the word “CURRICLE”
that means a course of race or action
 It refers to the lessons and academic content taught

in a school or in a specific course or program.
 Curriculum is a standards-based sequence of planned

experiences where students practice and achieve
proficiency in content and applied learning skills.
 Curriculum is the central guide for all educators as to what
is essential for teaching and learning, so that every student
has access to rigorous academic experiences.
What is the essence of curriculum?
An effective curriculum provides
teachers, students, school leaders
and community stakeholders with a
measurable plan and structure for
delivering a quality education. The
curriculum identifies the learning
outcomes, standards and core
competencies that students must
demonstrate before advancing to the
next level.
What is the functions of curriculum?
The function of the curriculum to help
the students by providing them such
type of experiences which met the
need of all the students. As the
curriculum consists of curricular and
co-curricular activities, it plays
important role in mental, moral, social,
emotional and physical development.
Aims
Goals
Objectives
AIMS
Aims are general statements that provide direction
or intent to educational action. Aims are usually
written in amorphous terms using words like: learn,
know, understand, appreciate, and these are not
directly measurable. Aims may serve as organizing
principles of educational direction for more than one
grade.
AIMS
 Analysis of Needs and Tasks
 Determine students needs to succeed in school
 Appropriate Content, Sequence, Instructional
Strategies, and Various Curricular Components.
Generating Aims:
 Long term direction for students.
 System level development
AIMS
Generating Aims:
1987 Constitution that states that all schools shall aim to
Inculcate patriotism and nationalism
Foster love of humanity
Promote respect for human rights
Appreciate the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country
Teach the rights and duties of citizenship
Strengthen ethical and spiritual values
Develop moral character and personal disciple
Encourage critical and creative thinking
Broaden scientific and technological knowledge and promote vocational efficiency
GOALS
Goals are statements of educational intention which
are more specific than aims. Goals too may
encompass an entire program, subject area, or
multiple grade levels. They may be in either
amorphous language or in more specific behavioral
terms.
OBJECTIVES
Objectives are usually specific statements of
educational intention which delineate either general
or specific outcomes. There are advantages and
disadvantages to different types of objectives.
● Behavioral objectives ● Holistic objectives
● Nonbehavioral objectives ● Problem Solving objectives
OBJECTIVES
 Short-term for students.
 Must be clearly specified to understand and agree on
 Must be appropriate
 Arranged logically
 Require regular revisions.
 Should describe behavior
 Stated analytically and specifically
 Developmental rather than terminal
 Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-bound
 Considers the three-objective domains (cognitive,
psychomotor, affective)
CURRICULUM includes:
 What we teach
 How to teach it
 What should our students achieve
… by the end of the learning time frame
Curriculum is a subject of change, alteration or
modification.
K – 12 program
The current K-12 program in the Philippines, which was implemented in 2012,
covers kindergarten, six years of primary education, four years of junior high
school, and two years of senior high school to prepare graduates for tertiary
education, middle-level skills development, employment and
entrepreneurship.
Philosophy
of Philippine
Education
The education system of the Philippines has
been highly influenced by the country’s
colonial history. That history has included
periods of Spanish, American and Japanese rule
and occupation. The most important and
lasting contributions came during America’s
occupation of the country, which began in
1898.
The Philosophy of Philippine Education
“ No one can step twice in the same river, for fresh waters are overflowing in upon him”
Pre-Spanish Period
Spanish Era
American Era
Japanese Education
Philippine Independence
Proclamation of Martial Law
Education of 1982
The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines
Education for All
The 1987 constitution

provides in article XIV,
Section 1 that the State
shall protect and promote
the right of all citizens to
quality education at all
levels and shall take
appropriate steps to
make such education
accessible to all.
Created 1986
Ratified 2 February 1986
Author(s) Cecilia Muñoz-Palma
and the Commissioners of the
Constitutional Commission of 1986
Signatories: Commissioners of the
Constitutional Commission of 1986
Article XIV (1987 Constitution) – Education, Science and
Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports Education
Section 1. That the State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all
levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.
Section 2. (1) System of education relevant to society.
(2) Free public education
(3) Scholarship program
(4) Non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning
(5) Special education and adult education
Section 3. (1) Optional religious instruction.
Section 4. (1) State power over educational institutions.
(2) Ownership and administration of schools.
(3) Tax exemptions.
Section 5. (1) Regional and sectoral needs
(2) Academic freedom
(3) Right of every citizen to select a profession
(4) Right of teachers to professional growth.
Is Education really accesible to all Filipinos?
Section 2. The state shall:
 Establish, maintain and support a complete adequate, and integrated system of
education relevant to the needs of the people and society;
 Establish and maintain a system of free public education in the elementary and
high school levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their
children, elementary education is compulsory for all children of school age;
Section 2.
 Establish and maintain scholarship, grants, loan programs, subsidies and other
incentives which shall be available to deserving students in both public and
private schools
 Encourage non-formal, informal and indigenous learning system, as well as
self learning, independent, and out of school study programs.
 provide adult citizens, the disabled out of school youth with training in civics,
vocational efficiency, and other skills.
What is ALS?
Alternative Learning System
 A free education program implemented
 A laderized, non-formal education program by the
Department of Education (DepEd)
 The 3rd Bureau of DepEd
 Benefits those who cannot afford formal schooling and
follows whatever is their available schedule
 Provides a viable alternative to the existing formal
education instruction, encompassing both the non-
formal and informal sources of knowledge and skills.
Section 3.
 All educational institutions shall include the study of constitution as part of the
curricula.
 They shall include patriotism , nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for
human rights, and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual values,
develop moral character, and personal discipline.
 At the option expressed in writing by the parents or guardians, religion shall be

allowed to be taught to their children or wards in public elementary and high
schools within the regular class hours by instructors designated or approved by
the religious authorities of the religion to which the children or wards belong,
without additional cost to the Government.

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CURRICULUM

 It refers to the lessons and academic content taught

 Curriculum is a standards-based sequence of planned

The 1987 constitution

 At the option expressed in writing by the parents or guardians, religion shall be

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