This document provides information about a school project on Great Britain. The project focuses on the history and geography of England, Scotland, and Wales. For the English history section, it summarizes key events like the Norman Conquest, developments during the Middle Ages and Tudor period, and changes during the 18th-19th centuries. It also outlines England's geography, noting landmarks like the River Thames and population centers like London. Sections on Scottish and Welsh history and geography are similarly structured to highlight major political developments and geographical features.
This document provides information about a school project on Great Britain. The project focuses on the history and geography of England, Scotland, and Wales. For the English history section, it summarizes key events like the Norman Conquest, developments during the Middle Ages and Tudor period, and changes during the 18th-19th centuries. It also outlines England's geography, noting landmarks like the River Thames and population centers like London. Sections on Scottish and Welsh history and geography are similarly structured to highlight major political developments and geographical features.
This document provides information about a school project on Great Britain. The project focuses on the history and geography of England, Scotland, and Wales. For the English history section, it summarizes key events like the Norman Conquest, developments during the Middle Ages and Tudor period, and changes during the 18th-19th centuries. It also outlines England's geography, noting landmarks like the River Thames and population centers like London. Sections on Scottish and Welsh history and geography are similarly structured to highlight major political developments and geographical features.
This document provides information about a school project on Great Britain. The project focuses on the history and geography of England, Scotland, and Wales. For the English history section, it summarizes key events like the Norman Conquest, developments during the Middle Ages and Tudor period, and changes during the 18th-19th centuries. It also outlines England's geography, noting landmarks like the River Thames and population centers like London. Sections on Scottish and Welsh history and geography are similarly structured to highlight major political developments and geographical features.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 14
PROJECT
TOPIC: Getting to know Great Britain.
SUBTOPIC: History and geography of Great Britain.
SUBJECT: English
GROUP MEMBERS: ∙ Imelda Cadri
∙ Aida Qeti ∙ Josif Bodurri ∙ Denald Sinani HISTORY OF ENGLAND • England has a rich and complex history that dates back thousands of years. From the Roman conquest of England in 43 AD to the reign of Queen Elizabeth II, England has seen many changes and developments. • One of the most significant events in English history was the Norman Conquest in 1066. This marked the beginning of the Norman dynasty and the establishment of Norman rule in England. The Normans brought significant cultural and social changes to England, including the introduction of French as the language of the court and the construction of many castles and cathedrals. • During the Middle Ages, England saw significant political, social, and religious changes. The Magna Carta, which was signed in 1215, established the principle of the rule of law and limited the power of the monarchy. The Black Death, which swept through England in the 14th century, had a significant impact on the country's population and economy. • The Tudor period, which began in 1485, saw the rise of some of England's most famous monarchs, including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. This period was marked by significant religious and political changes, including the establishment of the Church of England and the beginning of English colonization in the New World. • The 18th and 19th centuries saw significant social, economic, and political changes in England. The Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in the country's economy, while the growth of the British Empire made England one of the most powerful nations in the world. • Today, England is a constitutional monarchy with a rich cultural heritage and a diverse population. Its history is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of the English people, and it continues to shape the country's identity and culture to this day. GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND • England is a country located in the southern part of the island of Great Britain in Europe. It is bordered by Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The country has a diverse geography that includes rolling hills, rugged coastlines, and fertile plains. • The highest point in England is Scafell Pike, which stands at 978 meters (3,209 feet) tall. The Lake District in the north of England is home to many of the country's highest peaks, as well as beautiful lakes and valleys. • The River Thames is the longest river in England, stretching for 346 kilometers (215 miles) from its source in the Cotswold Hills to the North Sea. The river is an important transport route and has played a significant role in the country's history. • England's coastline is varied, with rugged cliffs, sandy beaches, and bustling ports. The Jurassic Coast in the south of England is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is home to some of the country's most spectacular coastal scenery. • The country's climate is mild and temperate, with warm summers and cool winters. The Gulf Stream, which brings warm water from the Caribbean, helps to keep the country's climate relatively mild throughout the year. • England is a densely populated country, with the majority of the population living in urban areas. London, the capital city, is home to more than eight million people and is one of the world's most important financial and cultural centers. • In conclusion, England has a diverse geography that includes mountains, rivers, coastlines, and plains. Its mild climate and varied landscape make it a popular destination for tourists from around the world. HISTORY OF SCOTLAND
• Scotland is a country located in the northern part of the
island of Great Britain in Europe. The history of Scotland is rich and complex, with evidence of human habitation dating back more than 10,000 years. The earliest known inhabitants of Scotland were the Picts, who lived in the region from around 300 BC until the 9th century AD. The Picts were known for their distinctive art and were skilled farmers and hunters. In the 9th century AD, the Vikings invaded Scotland and established settlements throughout the country. The Vikings were known for their seafaring skills and their influence can still be seen in some of Scotland's place names. • In the 11th century AD, Scotland was united under one king, Malcolm III. During this time, Scotland developed a strong sense of national identity and began to establish itself as an independent country. In the 13th century AD, Scotland was invaded by the English under King Edward I. The two countries were at war for many years, with Scotland winning several victories over the English. However, in 1296, the English defeated the Scots at the Battle of Dunbar and took control of the country. • Scotland regained its independence in the 14th century AD under the leadership of Robert the Bruce. The country continued to be a major player in European politics for many years, with Scotland's universities and scholars making significant contributions to the fields of science, philosophy, and literature. In the 18th century AD, Scotland became part of the United Kingdom after the Act of Union was signed. The country continued to play an important role in the UK's political and cultural life, with many Scottish writers, artists, and musicians becoming world-renowned. • Today, Scotland is a modern and vibrant country that is home to more than five million people. Its rich history and culture continue to attract visitors from around the world, with many people coming to experience Scotland's stunning landscapes, rich heritage, and warm hospitality. From the rugged Highlands to the bustling cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, Scotland offers something for everyone. Whether you're interested in history, culture, or outdoor adventure, Scotland is a destination that is sure to leave a lasting impression. GEOGRAPHY OF SCOTLAND
• Scotland is a country located in the northern part of the
island of Great Britain in Europe. It is bordered by England to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west. Scotland has a diverse geography, with rugged mountains, rolling hills, and stunning coastlines. The country's highest peak is Ben Nevis, which stands at 1,345 meters (4,411 feet) above sea level. The Scottish Highlands are a mountainous region in the north and west of the country, with peaks that rise to more than 1,000 meters (3,281 feet) above sea level. The Highlands are home to some of Scotland's most stunning landscapes, including Loch Ness and the Cairngorms National Park. • Scotland also has a number of islands, including the Hebrides, which are located off the west coast of the mainland. The islands are known for their rugged landscapes, stunning beaches, and rich history and culture. The Isle of Skye is one of the most popular islands to visit, with its dramatic mountain ranges, crystal-clear lochs, and picturesque villages. • Scotland's coastline is also a major feature of its geography, with more than 6,000 kilometers (3,728 miles) of coastline to explore. The coastline is home to a number of stunning beaches, as well as rugged cliffs and rocky coves. The North Sea is located to the east of Scotland, while the Atlantic Ocean is located to the west. • Overall, Scotland's geography is diverse and stunning, with something to offer everyone. Whether you're interested in hiking, wildlife watching, or simply soaking up the country's rich history and culture, Scotland is a destination that is sure to leave a lasting impression. HISTORY OF WALES • Wales is a country with a rich and fascinating history that dates back to the Paleolithic era. Evidence of human habitation in Wales dates back more than 200,000 years, with the earliest known human remains in the country found in the Pontnewydd Cave in Denbighshire. • One of the most significant periods in Welsh history was the Roman occupation, which lasted from the 1st to the 5th century AD. During this time, the Romans built a number of forts and settlements in Wales, including the town of Caerleon, which was one of the most important military centers in Roman Britain. The Romans also established a number of roads and trade routes in Wales, which helped to connect the country to the rest of the Roman Empire. • Following the fall of the Roman Empire, Wales was invaded by a number of different groups, including the Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings. In the 11th century, the Normans invaded Wales, and by the 13th century, much of the country had been brought under English control. This period of English domination led to a number of conflicts between the Welsh and the English, including the famous battles of Crecy and Agincourt. • Despite the challenges it has faced over the centuries, Wales has managed to maintain a strong sense of identity and culture. The Welsh language, for example, has survived for more than a thousand years, and is still spoken by a significant portion of the population today. Wales has also produced a number of notable writers, musicians, and artists over the years, including Dylan Thomas, Tom Jones, and Charlotte Church. • In the 20th century, Wales became an important center of the coal mining industry, with many Welsh towns and cities growing up around the mines. The decline of the coal industry in the latter half of the century led to significant economic challenges for the country, but Wales has managed to adapt and diversify its economy in recent years. • Overall, the history of Wales is a complex and fascinating one, shaped by a wide range of factors. Despite the challenges it has faced over the centuries, Wales has managed to maintain a strong sense of identity and culture, and remains an important part of the United Kingdom to this day. GEOGRAPHY OF WALES • Wales is a country located in the southwestern part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. The country has a total land area of around 20,735 square kilometers, making it the third smallest country in the UK. • The geography of Wales is characterized by a diverse range of landscapes, including mountains, valleys, forests, and coastlines. The country is home to a number of mountain ranges, including the Snowdonia range in the north, which is home to the highest peak in Wales, Snowdon, at 1,085 meters. The Brecon Beacons range in the south is also an important feature of the Welsh landscape, and is popular with hikers and outdoor enthusiasts. • The valleys of Wales are another important geological feature of the country. The most famous of these is the Rhondda Valley, which was once home to a thriving coal mining industry. Other important valleys in Wales include the Vale of Glamorgan, the Llanelli Valley, and the Conwy Valley. • Wales is also home to a number of important rivers, including the River Dee, the River Severn, and the River Wye. These rivers have played an important role in the history and culture of Wales, and are important for tourism and outdoor activities such as fishing and kayaking. • Finally, the coastline of Wales is another important feature of the country's geography. The country has a long and varied coastline, with sandy beaches, rocky cliffs, and sheltered coves. Some of the most popular coastal destinations in Wales include the Gower Peninsula, Pembrokeshire, and the Isle of Anglesey. • Overall, the geography of Wales is characterized by a diverse range of landscapes, from mountains and valleys to coastlines and rivers. The country's unique geography has played an important role in shaping its history and culture, and continues to be an important part of its identity to this day. CLIMATE AND WEATHER OF GREAT BRITAIN • The climate of Great Britain is generally mild and temperate, with relatively small temperature variations throughout the year. The country is also known for its frequent rainfall, which is a result of the country's location in the path of Atlantic storms. The wettest regions of Great Britain are located in the west, where the prevailing winds bring in moist air from the Atlantic Ocean. The driest regions of the country are located in the east, where the influence of continental air masses can be felt. • The weather in Great Britain is highly variable and can change rapidly, even within a single day. The country is known for its changeable weather, with sunny spells often giving way to rain and cloud cover. This variability is a result of the country's location in the path of Atlantic weather systems, which can bring in warm, moist air from the south or cold, dry air from the north. • The summer months in Great Britain are generally warm and sunny, with temperatures ranging from 18 to 25 degrees Celsius. The winter months are cooler, with temperatures ranging from 1 to 8 degrees Celsius. Snowfall is common in the winter months, particularly in the higher elevations of the country. • Overall, the climate and weather of Great Britain are characterized by mild temperatures, frequent rainfall, and changeable weather patterns. The country's location in the path of Atlantic weather systems and ocean currents plays an important role in shaping its climate and weather patterns, and contributes to the country's unique identity and culture.