1 Coldroomnote
1 Coldroomnote
1 Coldroomnote
Lowering the temperature can not stop most chemical process - these
processes will continue until the temperature reaches -273.15 °C (equal to 0
K).
When cooling fresh products like fresh meat the temperature must not be
brought down to rapidly as this may cause damage to the product.
Door frame heating to avoid frost formations preventing door from opening.
Air change.
Pressure relief valve in wall to equalize pressure between room and ambient (Two-way pressure equalization).
Man in cold room alarm is mandatory for negative temperature cold rooms and if the volume is over 10 m3 (ISO
27000). In the other cases, it is recommended to have this kind of alarm. This alarm has to be acoustic-visual.
Cold room - Construction
Cold room - Product arrangements
Store products so that air can move freely around the
products.
The condenser may be mounted with the compressor or may be remote mounted.
This design incorporates a single condensing unit or package unit linked to the evaporator
by pipe.
The evaporator is usually mounted on the ceiling of the cold room and is fitted with one or
more fans to circulate the air within the cold room.
This type of room can be used indoors or outdoors.
Remote CU types are one-to-one systems (i.e. one compressor, one condenser and one
evaporator).
Types of Cold Room - Remote rack
A cold room reduces the ambient temperature to the required lower temperature, and
maintains that low temperature to keep the food products from deteriorating for a long
period of time.
Refrigeration Application for Commercial Purpose
Frost
• Frost is frozen water (humidity) on the surface of an air cooler. The
frost on the evaporator may have different forms -- as snow (like snow-
dust / snowflakes), as solid ice, or in between these two stages.
• Frost comes from the dehydration of the goods and the humidity from
the air (the air passing through the air cooler).
• Frost builds up on the surface of an air cooler when the temperature of
the cooling surface is below 0°C.
Defrosting
Defrosting is the process of removing the frost that has built up on the
surface of the evaporator. It can be carried out by the application of heat
coming from electricity, from hot/cold gas from the high pressure side,
from hot air from cold room itself, from hot water, or from a combination
of some of these.
By defrosting
•we can keep the cooling surface free from frost, resulting in very good heat transfer and optimal
system operation.
•we can allow the air to flow freely, thereby improving the performance of the air cooler.
Defrosting - why
Why is defrosting necessary?
This depends on the products stored and their humidity, the frequency of
people moving inside the cold room, the number of times the door is opened
per day, air infiltration and the humidity of the air, etc.
Defrosting must be carried out as often as necessary and before it is too late.
If the defrosting period is too short and not all the ice is melted, even more ice
will build up.
Defrosting - How to do
We can defrost (remove ice from) the evaporator by using
How is defrosting carried out? heat from different sources.
Defrosting - Natural
• Natural defrosting using air is possible when the cold room temperature is greater than +4°C.
• The cooling for the cold room is stopped, and the fan continues to run.
• This method may take a long time.
• A higher room temperature will make the defrosting go faster.
• Water defrosting is another type of natural defrosting method, but this is a dangerous method.
• Water is sprayed over the cooling surface, and may easily spill into the room.
• It is an old-fashioned defrosting method and is not recommended.
Defrosting - Electrical
• The hot gas used is high pressure gas from the high pressure side of the refrigeration system.
• In principle, hot gas defrosting system saves energy.
• Hot gas defrosting is a relatively complicated method of defrosting and is mainly used in large systems
with more than 3 to 4 evaporators. The evaporators can operate at the same time as the air cooler which
is going to be defrosted.
• More valves are needed for hot gas defrosting, and the control system is more complex as well.
• The simplest version, a hot gas bypass from discharge to the evaporator inlet, is shown in the diagram.
This method does not save energy. A suction accumulator is needed to protect the compressor.
• A suction pressure regulator protects the compressor against high suction pressure.
What is the appropriate method in the servicing cold room?
The daily maintenance checks of the cold rooms include the following practices:
• All of the compressor used in the modular cold rooms should be checked for the oil leakage.
• The Freon levels of the refrigerated room should be checked as well.
• The evaporator of the cold room should be check for ice formation.
• The secondary system’s head pressure should be checked every day.
• The proper cold room temperature is also something that needs to be checked on daily basis.