UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT, RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA

SEMINAR ON TOPIC “NANOTECHNOLOGY”

RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

Session: 2021-22
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
Dr. Annapurna Bhargava Amit
Kumar Garg
PROFESSOR 19/269
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 8th Semester (EE)
1. INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY

2. APPLICATION OF NANO-TECHNOLOGY in
• ELECTRICAL
• ELECTRONICS
• COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
• ENERGY
• BIOMEDICINES
• FOOD
• TEXTILES
• NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY

3. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

4. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN INDIA

5. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE FUTURE

 Nanotechnology:
• Nanotechnology is a field of research and innovation concerned with
building things- generally materials and devices- on the scale of
atoms and molecules

• A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter: ten times the diameter of

hydrogen atom. The diameter of human hair is, on average, 80,000
nanometers.

• At such scales, the ordinary rules of physics and chemistry no longer

apply. For instance, materials’ characteristics, such as their colour,
strength, conductivity and reactivity, can substantially between the
nanoscale and the macro. Carbon nanotubes are 100 times stronger
but six times lighter.
• Nanotechnology can increase the efficiency of energy consumption,
help clean the environment and solve major health problems.

• Nanotechnology is able to massively increase manufacturing

production at significantly reduced costs.

• Products of nanotechnology will be smaller, cheaper, lighter yet more

functional and require less energy and fewer raw materials to
manufacture ,claim nanotech advocates.
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
 APPLICATIONS PF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRICAL:

• Developing countries are beginning to run power plants using steam created by
sunlight concentrated on nanoparticles

• The new report explains that nanoparticles illuminated by light can quickly rise
to temperatures above 212 degrees Fahrenheit, the boiling point of water.
Steam forms around the surface of each nanoparticle, billons of which can be
placed in water or other fluids.

• An impressive 82 percent of the sunlight absorbed by the nanoparticles went

directly to generating steam.
• Electrical industry has taken advantage of these nanotechnology efforts looking
for application in its components, such as in electrical transformers which are
considered as key elements in the electricity network.

• Nanotechnologies have potential to be used in transformer industry in

enhancing material properties which may lead to a compact design of
transformer and reduced manufacturing cost.

• Nanotechnology as cutting edge instrument is giving a keen arrangement to

accomplish cutting edge protection system for a transformer with excellent
improved dielectric strength and upgraded life.
APPLICATIONS PF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS:

• Nanotechnology in electronics offers faster, smaller and more portable systems.

• Nanoelectronics increases the capabilities of electronic devices, enhances the density of memory chips and
reduces power consumption and the size of transistors used in integrated circuits.

• Nanotechnology plays a significant role in communication engineering and has a wide range of applications
and can affect the telecommunications industry in several ways.
• Nanotechnology is used in many electronic devices such as laptops,
computers, cell phones, television, and digital cameras and also includes
polymeric nano-films such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)

• Nanoelectronics can improve display screens on electronic devices and

revolutionize a lot of electronic products, applications, and procedures and
reduce their weight, power consumption and the size of transistors used in
integrated circuits

• Nanotechnology is considered an industrial revolution for the

telecommunications industry and has led to tremendous changes in the
telecommunications, networking and computing industries
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING:

• Nanotechnology plays a significant role in communication engineering and has a

wide range of applications and can affect the telecommunications industry in
several ways.

• Nanotechnology also plays an important role in telecommunications engineering

and can provide effective solutions for human-machine interaction, memory
enhancement program, power-efficient computing, sensing, and controlling the
physical world with computers.

• Nanotechnology can revolutionize many aspects of information and

communication technologies and their features.
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENERGY

Nanotechnology is being used in the energy sector to develop new and improved
energy technologies, such as more efficient solar cells, better batteries, and more
durable fuel cells. Some examples:

• Solar Energy: Nanotechnology is used to develop more efficient solar cells, which
can convert sunlight into electricity more effectively. Nanoscale materials and
techniques are also used to improve the durability and stability of solar cells

• Energy Storage: Nanotechnology is used to develop better batteries, such as

lithium-ion batteries, with improved energy density, charge and discharge
efficiency, and cycle life.
• Fuel Cells: Nanotechnology is used to develop more durable and efficient fuel
cells, which can convert hydrogen fuel into electricity.

• Enhanced Oil Recovery: Nanotechnology is used to develop new techniques for

enhanced oil recovery, which can improve the efficiency and yield of oil
extraction.

• Energy-Efficient Materials: Nanotechnology is used to develop new energy-

efficient materials, such as nanocomposites, which can be used in insulation,
window coatings, and other energy-saving applications.

• Overall, the use of nanotechnology in the energy sector is aimed at developing

more efficient and sustainable energy technologies that can reduce greenhouse
gas emissions and support the transition to a low-carbon economy.
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICINES:

• Nanotechnology in medicine is very important from a therapeutic

standpoint, and it can also be vital from a diagnostic perspective.

• By using nanoparticles, a drug can be accurately delivered to the

targeted region in the body.

• This can help treat cancer patients with a customized treatment plan

• Nanoparticles have potential application in medical field including

diagnostics and therapeutics
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY :

• Nanobiotechnology is a new field of science that introduces special

physicochemical and biological properties of nanostructures and their
applications in various areas such as medicine and agriculture.

• Metal nanoparticles have been found to be dominant compounds affecting

fungal diseases both in humans and plants.

• In recent years, there has been a steadily growing interest in using these
nanosystems in different biomedical applications such as targeted drug
delivery, hyperthermia, photoablation therapy, bioimaging and biosensors
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN FOOD

• The benefits of nanotechnology for the food industry are many and are
expected to grow with time.

• This new, rapidly developing technology impacts every aspect of the food
system from cultivation to food production to processing, packaging,
transportation, shelf life and bioavailability of nutrients

• Commercial applications of nanomaterials will continue to impact the food

industry because of their unique and novel properties
• The food industry is beginning to use nanotechnology to
develop nanoscale ingredients to improve color, texture and flavor of
food

• Nanomaterials used for food packaging provide many benefits such as

improved mechanical barriers, detection of microbial contamination and
potentially enhanced bioavailability of nutrients

• Nanomaterials are used as ingredients and additives (e.g., vitamins,

antimicrobials, antioxidants) in nutrients and health supplements for
enhanced absorption and bioavailability

• The antimicrobial properties of nanomaterials enable them to preserve

food during storage and transport
APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN TEXTILES

• The fundamentals of nanotechnology lie in the fact that the properties of materials
drastically change when their dimensions are reduced to nanometer scale.

• Nowadays also the textile industry has discovered the possibilities of

nanotechnology. So, we can define nanotechnology in textile as the understanding,
manipulation, and control of matter at the above-stated length, such that the
physical, chemical, and biological properties of the materials can be synthesized

• It is used to develop desired textile characteristics, such as high tensile strength,

unique surface structure, soft hand, durability, water repellency, fire retardancy,
antimicrobial properties, and the like.
• Making clothing and fabric with nanoparticles or nanofibers allows the
improvement of fabric properties without a significant increase in weight,
thickness, or stiffness.

• For example, incorporating nano-whiskers into fabric used to make pants

produces a lightweight water- and stain-repellent material

• These nanosized materials can improve the physical characteristics of traditional

arenas such as self-cleaning fabrics, water repellency, ultraviolet protection,
antibacterial, antistatic, wrinkle resistant, and flame-retardant characteristics of
textile materials.

• Treating textiles with nanotechnology materials is a method to improve the

properties of the textile, making it longer durable, have nicer colours etc
Nanotechnology and Environment advantages:

• Nanotechnology has the potential to play a significant role in environmental

protection and sustainability by enabling new and improved methods for monitoring,
cleaning up, and mitigating environmental pollutants. It can also help to reduce
resource consumption and energy use through the development of more efficient
technologies

• For example, nanoparticles can be used to clean up oil spills, remediate contaminated
soil and groundwater, and capture and remove air pollutants.

• Nanotechnology can also be used to create more efficient and effective methods for
solar energy capture and storage, as well as for producing biofuels from renewable
resources
• nanotechnology-enabled products, such as stronger and lighter materials, can
reduce energy consumption in transportation and manufacturing

• However, it is important to consider the potential environmental and health

impacts of nanotechnology, and to implement measures to minimize these
risks

• This includes ensuring that nanotechnology is developed and used in a

responsible and sustainable manner, and that it is subject to proper regulation
and oversight.

• Overall, nanotechnology has the potential to make a positive impact on the

environment and sustainability, but it is essential to approach its development
and application with caution and a commitment to responsible use.
Water cleanliness

• Nanotechnology is one of the latest technology for water cleanliness

• Nanotechnology eases the water cleansing process because inserting

nanoparticles into underground water sources is cheaper and more
efficient than pumping water for treatment

• In terms of water filtration, the carbon nanotube structure allows water

molecules to pass through the tube's pores while attracting microbes to
the carbon surface
TREATMENT AND REMEDIATION

• Nanotechnology could yield a new generation of nanomembranes for

separation to enable ground water purification and better means of removing,
reducing or neutralizing water containments.

• It is being explored to treat ground water, wastewater, soil, sediment, or other

contaminated environmental materials

• Nano remediation uses engineered nanomaterials to clean up polluted media,

and this technique is less costly and more effective than most typical methods.

• In addition to its cost-effectiveness, the interest in applying nanomaterials for

environmental remediation relies on the nanostructure's characteristics.
Sensing and Detection

• There are two types of nano sensors – mechanical nano sensors and
chemical nano sensors – which both have different sensing
mechanisms.

• Nano sensors are generally used for the measurement of biological

response output quantity as well as for conversion of biological
response into output signals for further interpretation and analysis

• Nano sensors can be used to detect chemical or mechanical information

such as the presence of chemical species and nanoparticles or monitor
physical parameters such as temperature on the nanoscale.
POLLUTION PREVENTION

• There are two major ways in which nanotechnology is being used to reduce air
pollution: catalysts, which are currently in use and constantly being improved
upon; and nano-structured membranes, which are under development.

• Nanoparticles have important uses in cleaning groundwater and soil for the
environmental sector. Nanoscale zero-valent iron is particularly diverse. By
injecting it to the affected area, it can dechlorinate organic solvents, detoxify
pesticides, immobilize metals, and transform fertilizers, such as nitrates.

• Air contamination control can also be achieved by nanostructured membranes

with pores sufficiently small to separate various pollutants from the exhaust.
NANOTECHNONOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT DISADVANTAGES

• Nanoparticles can get into the body through the skin, lungs and digestive
system. This may help create 'free radicals' which can cause cell damage and
damage to the DNA

• Potential risks include environmental, health, and safety issues

• Transitional effects such as displacement of traditional industries as the products

of nanotechnology become dominant, which are of concern to privacy rights
advocates
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

Following a critical risk assessment, issues regarding nanoparticles were

identified:

• Manufactured nanoparticle’s exposure assets.

• Toxicology of nanoparticles.

• Environmental and biological fate, persistence, transport, and transformation of

manufactured nanoparticles.

• Recyclability and sustainability of manufactured nanoparticles.

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN INDIA

• Research and work on nanotechnology in India started in 2001 with the

formation of the Nanoscience and Technology initiative with initial funding of
Rs. 60 crores.

• In 2007, the Government of india launched a 5 year program called Nano

Mission, it was allocated a budget of 1000 crores.

• It had a wider scope of objectives and much larger funding. Field involved in the
mission were: basic research in nanotechnology, infrastructure development,
human resource development and global collaboration
• Many institutions and departments were roped in for the work such as the department of
IT, DRDO, Department of Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and industrial research(CSIR)
etc., in both IIT Bombay and IISC Banglore, National centres for Nanofabrication and
Nanoelectronics were established

• Despite all this india spends only a afraction of the amount spent by countries such as
USA, China, Japan etc. on Nanotechnology

• The focus of Nanotechnology Initiatives Division has been towards development of an

eco-system for electronics manufacturing in India through cutting edge research in
nanoelectronics

• There is a good scope of career improvement for the graduates of the M. Tech
Nanotechnology course immediately after completing the degree, along with a
decent annual salary package
 NANOTECHNOOGY IN THE FUTURE

• There are bright and dark spot in the future of nanotechnology.

• On the other hand, the sector is expected to grow globally, driven by technological
advances, increased government support, increased private investment and growing
devices for smaller devices, to name a few.

• However, the environmental, health and safety risk of nanotechnology and concerns
related to its commercialisation could hamper market expansion

• Assessing the nanotechnology and guiding its progression will require cross-sectoral
involvement of scientists, governments, civil society organisation and the general public.
THANK YOU