Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 10 views

    Population Structure and Their Genetic Constiution

    Uploaded by

    Shiv shankar Loniya
    This document provides information on population structure in different crop types. It discusses how self-pollinated crops like rice and wheat develop homozygosity, leading to pure line varieties that are highly homogenous. Cross-pollinated crops like maize maintain heterozygosity and are heterogenous, except for hybrid varieties which are heterozygous but homogenous. Vegetatively propagated plants and clones are heterozygous and homogenous due to identical genetics. Synthetic and composite varieties involve crosses between lines and are heterozygous and heterogenous, with composites showing more heterosis. Breeding populations can be homogenous, heterogenous, homozygous or heterozygous depending on their genetic makeup.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Population Structure and Their Genetic Constiution

    Uploaded by

    Shiv shankar Loniya
    10 views20 pages
    This document provides information on population structure in different crop types. It discusses how self-pollinated crops like rice and wheat develop homozygosity, leading to pure line varieties that are highly homogenous. Cross-pollinated crops like maize maintain heterozygosity and are heterogenous, except for hybrid varieties which are heterozygous but homogenous. Vegetatively propagated plants and clones are heterozygous and homogenous due to identical genetics. Synthetic and composite varieties involve crosses between lines and are heterozygous and heterogenous, with composites showing more heterosis. Breeding populations can be homogenous, heterogenous, homozygous or heterozygous depending on their genetic makeup.

    Original Description:

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides information on population structure in different crop types. It discusses how self-pollinated crops like rice and wheat develop homozygosity, leading to pure line varieties that are highly homogenous. Cross-pollinated crops like maize maintain heterozygosity and are heterogenous, except for hybrid varieties which are heterozygous but homogenous. Vegetatively propagated plants and clones are heterozygous and homogenous due to identical genetics. Synthetic and composite varieties involve crosses between lines and are heterozygous and heterogenous, with composites showing more heterosis. Breeding populations can be homogenous, heterogenous, homozygous or heterozygous depending on their genetic makeup.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views20 pages

    Population Structure and Their Genetic Constiution

    Uploaded by

    Shiv shankar Loniya
    This document provides information on population structure in different crop types. It discusses how self-pollinated crops like rice and wheat develop homozygosity, leading to pure line varieties that are highly homogenous. Cross-pollinated crops like maize maintain heterozygosity and are heterogenous, except for hybrid varieties which are heterozygous but homogenous. Vegetatively propagated plants and clones are heterozygous and homogenous due to identical genetics. Synthetic and composite varieties involve crosses between lines and are heterozygous and heterogenous, with composites showing more heterosis. Breeding populations can be homogenous, heterogenous, homozygous or heterozygous depending on their genetic makeup.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE

    DEPARTMENT OF PLANT
    BREEDING
    TO PRESENTAION ON POPULATION
    STRUCTURE

    PREPARED BY
    SHIV SHANKAR LONIYA
    ROLL NO:03
    CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
    i. Introduction of population structure
    ii. Popuation structure of self ollinated crops
    iii. Population structure of cross pollinated
    crops
    iv. Population structure of vehetatively
    propagated plants
    v. Population structure of syntetic and
    composite variety
    vi. Breeding populations
    POPULATION STRUCTURE
    NTRODUCTION
    Group of breeding individaual

    Population structure refers to the gene carried by population and which it

    transfer to its next generation.


    Alleles present at each locus and their propotion present each locus is

    called as genetic constiution


     Mode of ponnination determined genetic constitution

    Self polination leads to homozygosity while cross pollination leads to

    heterozygosity
    Geneti coposition of diferent crops are presented below

    I
    SELF POLLINATED CROPS

     Self pollination leads to homozgosity


     Even a heterozygous plant if it is selfed up to 10
    generatio it became homozygous by 99.99%
     Genetic constiution became homozygous for each allele
    at each locus
     For example:
    1. Rice
     It may be AABBccDDee, aabbCCddEE,
     Sister-lines
     Homozygous and homogenous
    2. Wheat
    Purelines varieties
     Pure line variety is variety obtained from single

    homozygous plant of self pollinated crop.


     It have genetic composition like AABBccDDee and

    aabbCCddEE
     Highly homozygous and homogenous

    Multiline varieties
     Mxiture of genetically related lines i.e. pure lines but have

    different gene for disease resistance


     These are genetically similar for all character like plant

    height , day to maturity etc


     For example, AABBccDDeeR1R1 and AABBccDDeeR2R2
     These are homozygous and heterogenous
    CROSS POLLINATED CROPS
     Cross pollination leads to heterozygosity
     Genetic constiution reselts into heterozygous

    Normal maize
     Highly heterozygous and heterogenous
     Genentic compositio is AaBbCcDdEe ,PpRrTtSs
     This composotion is for normal maize

    Local land races of maize


     Mostly Heterozygous but some time become homozygous

    for certain gene due to selection for promising character


     Genetic composition: AaBbCCDdEe, AaBbccDdEe
    Hybrid maize
     Obtained through crosssing between

    genetically different parents.


     So these are highly heterozygous and f1 is

    homogenous
     The genetic composition is AaBbCcDd
    VEGETATIVELY PROPAGATED
    PLANTS
     Such plants are genetically identical and are
    heterozygous and homogenous in nature.
     All progeny botained thruogh this method must

    have identical geontype as there is no chance of


    recombination and hybridization
     Genetic composition of such plant are AaBbCcDd
    CLONE
     Clone is progeny of single plant,
    produced by assexual reproduction
     The members of clones keeps the

    genetic constsncy
     Highly heterozygous and homogenous
     The genetic composition is AaBbCcDdEe,
    SYNTHETIC VARIETIES
     Variety which is developed by crossing in all
    possible combination number of inbred lines that
    combine well with each other .
     Synthetic variety consists of several heterozygous

    initially. Since the subsequentially the variety is


    maintaiend by open pollination some degrrre of
    selfing occurs resulting in fixation of some genes
     As result in later generation synthetic variety
    consists of several heterozygotes .
     Thus a senthetic variety has a heterogenous

    population The genetic composition is


    AaBbCcDEe
    COMPOSITE VARIETY
     Produced by mixing seed of several phenotypically
    outstanding lines possessing similarities for various
    characteristics like height seed size, maturity days etc.
     Characteristics
    1. Heterozygous and heterogenous
    2. Relevant to crosss pollinated species only
    3. Large number of parents invoved as compare to
    synthetic variety
    4. Show more heterosis than synthetic variety
     Genetic composition AaBbCcDdEeFf
    SYNTHETIC VARIETY VS COMPOSITE VARIETY

    SYNTHETIC VARIETY COMPOSITE VARIETY

    Otaine by crossing in all Obtaied mixing the seeds of


    combination of number of lines that several phenotypically outstanding
    combine well with each other lines it and encouraging open
    pollination to produce crosses in all
    combination among the lines
    4-10 numbers of parents are Many numbers of parents involved.
    involved.
    It is tested for GCA. Not tested for GCA

    It shows less heterosis than hybrid It shows more heterosis than


    synthetic.
    BREEDING POPULATION

     Based on the genetic composition breeding population are as


    follows:

    1. Homogenous population

     Genetically similar plants constitute homogenous populations.


     Examples of homogeneous populations are pure lines, inbred lines,
    F1 hybrid between two pure line or inbred lines and progeny of a
    clone.
     Pure lines and inbred lines generally have narrow adoption.
    2. Heterogenous population
     Genetically dissimilar plants constitute
    heterogenous populations.
     Examples are land races, mass selected
    populations, composites, synthetics and multilines.
     Heterogenous populations have wide adaptability
    and stable performance under different
    environments.
    3. Homozygous population

     Individuals with like alleles at the corresponding loci are know as


    homozygous
     Thus non-segregating genotypes constitute homozygous populations.
    Examples are pure lines, inbred lines and mass selected populations in self
    pollinated plants.
     Thus pure lines and inbred lines are homozygous and homogeneous
     And mass selected varieties of self pollinated crops and multi lines are
    homozygous and heterogenous, because they are mixtures of several pure
    lines
    4.Heterozygous population

     Individuals with unlike alleles at the corresponding loci


    are referred to as heterozygous
     Such individuals segregate into various types on selfing
     This includes F1 hybrids, composites and synthetics
     Thus F1 hybrids are heterozygous but homogeneous and
    composites and synthetics are heterozygous and
    heterogenous population
    ANY QUERIES

    You might also like