Lecture 3-POLYNOMIALS-Solving Quadratic Equation
Lecture 3-POLYNOMIALS-Solving Quadratic Equation
Lecture 3-POLYNOMIALS-Solving Quadratic Equation
1
Key Notes
2
Nature of Roots of Quadratic
Equation
3
Key Notes.
4
Example
𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 .
1. 3 𝑥 2 +2 𝑥 − 7=0
2. 3 𝑥 2 +2 𝑥 +7=0
3. 3 𝑥 2 −2 𝑥+7=0
4. 4 𝑥2 −1 2 𝑥 +9=0
5
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
(𝒂)
2 2
𝑏 − 4 𝑎𝑐 =( 2 ) − 4 ( 3 )( −7 )=88
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒕
2 2
𝑏 − 4 𝑎𝑐 =( 2 ) − 4 ( 3 )( 7 )=80
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒙
6
(𝒄)
2 2
𝑏 − 4 𝑎𝑐 =( − 2 ) − 4 ( 3 ) (7 )=− 80
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒙
(𝒅 )
2 2
𝑏 − 4 𝑎𝑐 =( −12 ) − 4 ( 4 )( 9 )=0
20
Trial Questions
8
Question
𝑊𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡h𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠
1.− 2 𝑥 2 +3 𝑥+8=0
2. 𝑥 2 −2 𝑥 −5=0
3. 𝑥 2 −2 𝑥 −3=0
4. 𝑥 2 −6 𝑥 +9=0
5. 3 𝑥 2 +4 𝑥 +2=0
6. 3 𝑥 2 +4 𝑥 +2=0
9
Formation of Quadratic
Equation.
10
Key Notes
𝑇h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠
11
Example
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤h𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒2𝑎𝑛𝑑 3.
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠=2+3=5
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠=2×3=6 ,𝑆𝑜
𝑡h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠
𝑥2 − ( 𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 ) 𝑥+𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠=0 𝑜𝑟
𝑥2 −5 𝑥+6=0
12
Relationships between the roots and
equation.
13
Key Notes
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡h𝑎𝑡 𝛼 and 𝛽 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡h𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑎 𝑥 2+ 𝑏𝑥+𝑐 , then
𝑎 𝑥 2+ 𝑏𝑥+𝑐
𝑏 𝑐
𝑥2 − 𝑥+ =0 … … … … … (2)
𝑎 𝑎
14
Key Notes Con’t
𝑏
𝑺𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 : 𝛼+𝛽=−
𝑎
𝑐
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 :𝛼𝛽=
𝑎
15
Useful Identities
16
2 2 2
1. 𝛼 +𝛽 =( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) −2 𝛼𝛽
2 2
2. ( 𝛼 − 𝛽 ) = ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) − 4 𝛼𝛽
3. 𝛼 − 𝛽= √ ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) − 4 𝛼𝛽
2
¿
1 1 𝛼+ 𝛽
5. + =
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼𝛽
2 2 2
1 1 𝛼 +𝛽 ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) −2 𝛼𝛽
6. 2 + 2 = 2 2 =
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼𝛽
7. ¿
17
8. ¿
2
9 . 𝛼 + 𝛽 =( 𝛼 + 𝛽 ) −2 𝛼 𝛽
4 4 2 2 2 2
2
¿ ( ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) −2 𝛼𝛽 ) − 2𝛼 2 𝛽2
2
18
Illustrative Examples
19
Example 1
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡h𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:
𝑖 .2 𝑥 2 −11 𝑥+3=0
𝑖𝑖 .3 𝑥 2=7 𝑥 +6
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
(𝒊)
𝑎=2 , 𝑏=−11 , 𝑐=3
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡h𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑡h𝑒𝑛
20
Example 1 Con’t
𝑏
𝑺𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 : 𝛼+𝛽=−
𝑎
𝛼+ 𝛽=− ( )
−11 11
2
=
2
𝑐
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 :𝛼𝛽=
𝑎
3
𝛼𝛽=
2
21
Example 1 con’t
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
(𝒊𝒊)
3 𝑥2 =7 𝑥+6 𝑊𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
3 𝑥2 −7 𝑥 − 6=0
𝑎=3 ,𝑏=− 7 , 𝑐=−6
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡h𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑡h𝑒𝑛
𝑏
𝑺𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 : 𝛼+𝛽=−
𝑎
𝛼+ 𝛽= − ( )
−7
3
=
7
3
22
Example 1 Con’t
𝑐
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 :𝛼𝛽=
𝑎
−6
𝛼𝛽= =−2
3
23
Example 2
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝑤𝑖𝑡h 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 , 𝑡h𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠𝑜𝑓
𝑤 h𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦
𝑖 .3,4
𝑖𝑖.− 5,6
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
(𝒊)
𝑇 h𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑏𝑒 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠:
24
Example 2 Con’t
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠=𝟑
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠=𝟒
𝐻 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠:
𝒙𝟐 −𝟑 𝒙+𝟒=𝟎
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
(𝒊𝒊)
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠=−𝟓
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠=𝟔
𝐻 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠:
𝒙𝟐 +𝟓 𝒙+𝟔=𝟎
25
Example 3
The roots of the equation 3 𝑥2 −5 𝑥+9=0 are𝛼, 𝛽. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡h𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑓
1 1
2
a.𝛼 + 𝛽 2 b. +
𝛼2 𝛽 2
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝐼𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡h𝑎𝑡 𝛼 , 𝛽𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡h𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 3 𝑥2 −5 𝑥+9=0 .
𝑎=3 ,𝑏=− 5 , 𝑐=9
𝛼+ 𝛽=−
𝑏
𝑎
=−
3 ( )
−5 5
=
3
𝑐 9
𝛼𝛽= = =3
𝑎 3
26
Example 3 Con’t
(𝒂)
2 2 2
𝛼 + 𝛽 = ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) − 2 𝛼𝛽
¿()
5 2
3
−2 ×3
29
¿−
9 29
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑒 , 𝑡h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑖𝑠−
9
(𝒃)
1 1 𝛼2 + 𝛽 2
2
+ 2= 2 2
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝛽
29
−
9
¿
9
29
¿
81
27
Example 4
𝑇h𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛2 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 2=0 are𝛼, 𝛽. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡h𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑓
1 1
𝑖. +
𝛼 𝛽
𝑖𝑖. 𝛼 − 𝛽
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡h𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛2 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2=0 with the general equation
𝑎 𝑥 2+ 𝑏𝑥+ c=0 , a=2 ,b=− 1∧c=−2
𝑏 1
𝛼+ 𝛽=− =
𝑎 2
𝑐 −2
𝛼 𝛽= = =− 1
𝑎 2
28
Example 4 Con’t
(𝒊)
1
1 1 𝛼+ 𝛽 2 1
+ = = =
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼𝛽 −1 2
(𝒊𝒊)
𝛼 − 𝛽=√ ( 𝛼+ 𝛽 ) − 4 𝛼𝛽
2
√( ) √
2
1 17
¿ −4 ( −1 ) ¿±
2 4
29
Example 5
𝐼𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥2 −5 𝑥 −7=0 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝛼, 𝛽 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡h𝑒𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑤h𝑜𝑠𝑒
𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝑖 .𝛼 2 , 𝛽2
𝑖𝑖 . 𝛼+1 , 𝛽+1
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
(𝒊)
𝑎=1 , 𝑏=−5 , 𝑐=− 7
𝛼+ 𝛽=
−𝑏
𝑎
=− ( )
−5
1
=5
𝑐 −7
𝛼𝛽= = =−7
𝑎 1
30
Example 5 Con’t
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝜶 + 𝜷 =( 𝜶 + 𝜷 ) −𝟐 𝜶𝜷
2 2 2
𝛼 + 𝛽 = ( 5 ) − 2 ( −7 ) =39
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝜶 𝜷 = ( 𝜶𝜷 )
𝐵𝑢𝑡𝛼𝛽=−7
𝛼2 𝛽 2=(−7)2=49
31
Example 5 Con’t
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡h𝑒𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤h𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝛼2 , 𝛽 2 𝑖𝑠
𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝟗 𝒙 +𝟒𝟗=𝟎
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
(𝒊𝒊)
𝑎=1 , 𝑏=−5 , 𝑐=− 7
𝛼+ 𝛽=
−𝑏
𝑎
=− ( )
−5
1
=5
𝑐 −7
𝛼𝛽= = =−7
𝑎 1
32
Example 5 Con’t
( 𝛼+1¿+( 𝛽+1)=𝛼 + 𝛽+2
¿ 5+2=7
¿
¿ 𝛼𝛽+(𝛼+ 𝛽)+1
¿ −7+5+ 1=−1
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠:
𝒙 𝟐 +𝟕 𝒙 −𝟏=𝟎
33
Trial Questions
34
1.𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 , 𝑤𝑖𝑡h 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠, 𝑡h𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓
𝑤 h𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦
7
𝑖 .− , 0
3
𝑖𝑖.0 ,− 7
𝑖𝑖𝑖.1.2,0.8
1 1
𝑖𝑣 . − ,
3 36
35
𝛼 , 𝛽. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑡h
2. 𝑇h𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 +1=0 𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑤h𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝑖.𝛼 − 2 , 𝛽−2
1 1
𝑖𝑖. ,
𝛼 𝛽
𝛼 𝛽
𝑖𝑖𝑖. ,
𝛽 𝛼
36
3. 𝑇h𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
4 𝑥 2 +8 𝑥 −1=0h𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝛼, 𝛽 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡h𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑓
1 1
𝑖. 2
+ 2
𝛼 𝛽
2
𝑖𝑖 . ( 𝛼 − 𝛽 )
𝑖𝑖𝑖. 𝛼3 𝛽+𝛼 𝛽 3
1 1
𝑖𝑣 . 2
+ 2
𝛼 𝛽 𝛼𝛽
37
Cubic Equation
38
Key Notes
𝑇h𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑎 𝑥 3 +𝑏 𝑥 2 +𝑐𝑥+ 𝑑=0
𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎 ,𝑏 ,𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 ,𝑎≠0.
𝑎 𝑥 3 +𝑏 𝑥 2 +𝑐𝑥+ 𝑑=0 … … … …(1)
3 𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑑
𝑥+ 𝑥 + 𝑥+ =0 … … … … (2)
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝐼𝑓 𝛼, 𝛽 ,𝛾 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠1𝑎𝑛𝑑2
𝑏 2 𝑐 𝑑
3
𝑥 +
𝑎
𝑥 + 𝑥+ ≡
𝑎 𝑎 ¿
¿ 𝑎 𝑥 3 − 𝑎 (𝛼+ 𝛽 +𝛾 ) 𝑥 2+ 𝑎(𝛼𝛽 +𝛼𝛾 + 𝛽𝛾 ) 𝑥 − 𝑎 𝛼𝛽𝛾
39
Key Notes Con’t
¿
𝑏
𝑺𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 : 𝛼+ 𝛽+ 𝛾=−
𝑎
¿
𝑐
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 : 𝛼𝛽+ 𝛽𝛾 +𝛾𝛼=
𝑎
40
Key Notes Con’t
41
Example
𝑇h𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2 𝑥 3 +3 𝑥 2+4 𝑥+5=0
𝐹 𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡h𝑒𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤h𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝛼 −2, 𝛽− 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝛾 − 2
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑏 −3
𝑺𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 : 𝛼+ 𝛽+ 𝛾=− =
𝑎 2
𝑐 4
𝑺𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 : 𝛼𝛽+ 𝛽𝛾+𝛾𝛼 = = =2
𝑎 2
𝑑 −5
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕 :𝛼𝛽𝛾= =
𝑎 2
42
Example Con’t
:
43
Example Con’t
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡h𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑆𝑜 𝑡h𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑠 :
𝑥3 − ( 𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 ) 𝑥 2 + ( 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠) 𝑥 −𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠=0
𝑥3 − ( )
− 21 2
2
𝑥 +20 𝑥 − −
2( )
41
=0
𝟐 𝒙𝟑 −𝟐 𝒙𝟐 +𝟒 𝟎 𝒙+𝟒𝟏=𝟎
44
Quartic Equation
45
Key Notes
𝑇h𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 :𝑎 𝑥 4 +𝑏 𝑥 3+ 𝑐 𝑥2 + 𝑑𝑥+ 𝑒=0
𝑤h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎 ,𝑏 ,𝑐 ,𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 ,𝑎≠0 .
𝑎 𝑥 4 +𝑏 𝑥 3+𝑐 𝑥2 + 𝑑𝑥+ 𝑒=0 … … … … .(1)
4 𝑏 3 𝑐 2 𝑑 𝑒
𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥+ … … … … … … ..(2)
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 ,
46
Key Notes
𝑏
∑ 𝛼=− 𝑎
𝑐
∑ 𝛼𝛽= 𝑎
𝑑
∑ 𝛼𝛽𝛾=− 𝑎
𝑒
𝛼𝛽𝛾𝛿=
𝑎
47
Example
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡h𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑥 4 +2 𝑥 3 − 41 𝑥 2 − 42 𝑥 +360=0 , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑
𝑖. ∑ 𝛼
𝑖𝑖. ∑ 𝛼𝛽
𝑖𝑖𝑖. ∑ 𝛼𝛽𝛾
𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑎=1 , 𝑏=2 ,𝑐=− 41 , 𝑑=− 42 , 𝑒=360
𝑏 −2
𝑖. ∑ 𝛼=− = =− 2
𝑎 1
48
Example Con’t
𝑐 −41
𝑖𝑖. ∑ 𝛼𝛽= = =−41
𝑎 1
𝑑 −42
𝑖𝑖𝑖. ∑ 𝛼𝛽𝛾=− = =−42
𝑎 1
49