Evolution To 4th Generation
Evolution To 4th Generation
Evolution To 4th Generation
BSS
Abis
BSC A
MS BTS
BSS NSS
Transport
Abis A MSC GMSC
PSTN
BSC
MS BTS
BSS
Abis
BSC A
MS BTS
GPRS/EDGE
MSC
PSTN
Third party
backhaul
MS BTS BSC
Private
IP
Backbone GGSN
Frame
Relay
Backbone
PCU SGSN
External
SGSN – Serving GPRS Support Node Packet Networks
PCU – Packet Control Unit Intranet, Internet
GGSN – Gateway GPRS Support Node
GPRS: General Packet Radio Systems; 2.5G; gives a permanent connection at about 50kbps to a mobile terminal.
EDGE: Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution. EDGE offers bandwidth of up to 384kbps
The Future – the Need for Beyond 3G Systems
The SMS service was a forerunner of other data
services like mobile e-mail, mobile Web browsing,
mobile blogging, push-to-talk, mobile instant
messaging and many others. Such applications
became feasible with the introduction of packet-based
wireless networks that could carry IP data packets
and increasingly powerful mobile devices.
Today, the capacity of current 3G and 3.5G
networks is still sufficient for the bandwidth
requirements of these applications and the number of
users. There are a number of trends, however, which
are already visible and will increase bandwidth
requirements in the future.
A number of wireless technologies are currently
under development or in the early rollout phase that
are designed to meet these future demands: 3GPP’s
Long Term Evolution (LTE), HSPA+ and WiMAX.
ITU
The body responsible for categorizing wireless
networks is the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU). The ITU categorizes International Mobile
Telecommunication (IMT) networks as follows: