Diversity of Life

DIVERSITY OF
LIFE
Six Kingdoms of Life
What is
Biodiversity?
Biodiversity
refers to all of the variety of life that Biodiversity can be described and species, genetic, and ecosystem
exists on Earth. measured at three different levels: diversity.
Species Diversity
Refers to the number of different species in an ecosystem or on Earth as a

whole.
This is the most common way to measure biodiversity.
Current estimates for Earth's total number of living species range from 5 to
30 million species.
Genetic Diversity
refers to the variation in genes within all these

species.
Ecosystem Diversity
refers to the variety of ecosystems on Earth.
An ecosystem is a system formed by populations of many

different species interacting with each other and their
environment.
Defining Species
The formal biological definition of

species is a group of actually or
potentially interbreeding organisms.
Morphology
refers to the form and

structure of organisms.
CLASSIFYING LIVING
THINGS
The science of classifying

organisms is called taxonomy.
Classification is an important step in understanding
the present diversity and past evolutionary history of
life on Earth.
It helps make sense of the overwhelming diversity of
living
things.
LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION
- developed by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus in the

1700s.
- He grouped together organisms that shared obvious
morphological traits, such as the number of legs or shape
of leaves. For his contribution, Linnaeus is known as the
“father of taxonomy.”
LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION
- developed by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus in the

1700s.
- He grouped together organisms that shared obvious
morphological traits, such as the number of legs or shape
of leaves. For his contribution, Linnaeus is known as the
“father of taxonomy.”
The Linnaean system of
classification consists of a
hierarchy of groupings,
called taxa (singular,
taxon).
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
A method of naming species made by Linnaeus.

It gives each species a unique, two-word Latin name
consisting of the genus name followed by a specific species identifier.
Example:
Homo sapiens, the two-word Latin name for humans. It
literally means “wise human.” This is a reference to our big brains.
REVISIONS IN THE LINNAEAN
CLASSIFICATION
Scientists can also now classify organisms on the basis of their
biochemical and genetic
similarities and differences rather than just their outward
morphology.
These changes have led to revisions in the original Linnaean
system of
classification.
DOMAIN
The domain is a taxon that is larger and more

inclusive than the kingdom.
Both the Bacteria and the Archaea domains consist of single-celled
organisms that lack a nucleus. This means that their genetic material is not
enclosed within a membrane inside the cell. The Eukarya domain, in
contrast, consists of all organisms whose cells have a nucleus. In other
words, their genetic material is enclosed within a membrane inside the cell.
Eukarya domain is made up of both single-celled and multicellular
organisms.
This domain includes several kingdoms, including the animal, plant,
fungus, and protist kingdoms.
PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION
Phylogeny
is the evolutionary history of a group of related organisms.
It is represented by a phylogenetic tree, or some other tree-
like diagram.
A phylogenetic tree shows how closely related
different groups of organisms are to one
Another.
THE HUMAN
ANIMAL
HUMANS AS PRIMATES
Living members of the primate order include

monkeys, apes, and humans; and any member
of this order of mammals is called a
primate.
At some point in the distant past, we shared
ape-like ancestors with all these modern groups
of primates. We share between 93 percent and
almost 99 percent of our DNA sequences with
them, providing hard evidence that we have
relatively recent common ancestors.
Primates are considered generalists among the
mammals.
A generalist is an organism that can thrive in a
wide variety of environmental conditions and
make use of a variety of different resources,
such as consuming many different types of
food.
Primate Traits
- Five digits (fingers or toes)

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DIVERSITY OF

Refers to the number of different species in an ecosystem or on Earth as a

refers to the variation in genes within all these

An ecosystem is a system formed by populations of many

The formal biological definition of

refers to the form and

The science of classifying

- developed by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus in the

- developed by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus in the

A method of naming species made by Linnaeus.

The domain is a taxon that is larger and more

Living members of the primate order include

- Five digits (fingers or toes)

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