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    VSEPR Theory5

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    Inaya Imran
    CO2 is linear, NH3 is pyramidal, CH4 is tetrahedral, HCN is linear, SO2 is bent, PCl5 is trigonal bipyramidal, SF6 is octahedral, and H2O is bent.

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    VSEPR Theory5

    Uploaded by

    Inaya Imran
    75 views18 pages
    CO2 is linear, NH3 is pyramidal, CH4 is tetrahedral, HCN is linear, SO2 is bent, PCl5 is trigonal bipyramidal, SF6 is octahedral, and H2O is bent.

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    VSEPR theory5

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    CO2 is linear, NH3 is pyramidal, CH4 is tetrahedral, HCN is linear, SO2 is bent, PCl5 is trigonal bipyramidal, SF6 is octahedral, and H2O is bent.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    75 views18 pages

    VSEPR Theory5

    Uploaded by

    Inaya Imran
    CO2 is linear, NH3 is pyramidal, CH4 is tetrahedral, HCN is linear, SO2 is bent, PCl5 is trigonal bipyramidal, SF6 is octahedral, and H2O is bent.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Molecular Geometry

    • Molecules of different substances have diverse shapes. Atoms attach to one


    another in various geometric arrangements.

    • The overall molecular shape of a molecule is determined by its bond angles in three
    dimensions.

    • The shape of a molecule is very important for its physical and chemical properties.
    Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
    (VSEPR) Theory

    • The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory abbreviated as VSEPR theory is
    based on the premise that there is a repulsion between the pairs of valence electrons
     in all atoms, and the atoms will always tend to arrange themselves in a manner in
    which this electron pair repulsion is minimalized. This arrangement of the atom
    determines the geometry of the resulting molecule.

    • It is a method for predicting the shape of a molecule from the knowledge of the
    groups of electrons around a central atom

    • Electron pairs (bonding and nonbonding electrons) repel one another, as a result , the
    electron pairs remain as far apart as possible from another as possible to minimize
    the repulsion.
    Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
    (VSEPR) Theory
    1. The nonbonding electron pairs are as important as bonding electron pairs in
    determining the structure.

    2. Nonbonding electrons take up more space in the valence shell than the bonding
    electrons. The repulsion of lone pair electrons is grater than the repulsion
    of bond pair electrons

    3. If one or more of the electron pairs are lone pairs, the distribution of electron
    pair and the geometrical shape of the molecule must be different.

    4. The bond angles decrease as the number of nonbonding electron pairs increases

    Repulsion strengths

    lone pair -lone pair  lone pair e-bond pair  bond pair-bond pair
    • Two electron pairs in the valence orbital are arranged linearly

    • Three electron pairs are organized in a trigonal planar arrangement

    • Four electron pairs are organized in a tetrahedral arrangement

    • Five electron pairs are arranged in a trigonal bipyramid

    • Six electron pairs are organized in an octahedral arrangement


    Applying the VSEPR theory.
    • Draw a plausible Lewis structure of the molecule or
    polyatomic ion.

    • Determine the number of unshared electron pairs and numbers


    of bonds around the central atom ( multiple bonds count as a
    single bond)

    • Establish the geometrical orientation of the electron pairs


    around the central atom as linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral,,
    trigonal bipyramid or octahedral

    • Describe the molecular geometry


    Linear
    • 2 atoms attached to center atom
    • 0 unshared pairs (lone pairs)

    • Bond angle = 180o

    • Type: AB2
    • Ex. : BeF2
    Trigonal Planar
    • 3 atoms attached to center atom
    • 0 lone pairs

    • Bond angle = 120o

    • Type: AB3
    • Ex. : AlF3
    Tetrahedral
    • 4 atoms attached to center atom
    • 0 lone pairs

    • Bond angle = 109.5o

    • Type: AB4
    • Ex. : CH4
    Trigonal Bipyramidal
    • 5 atoms attached to center atom
    • 0 lone pairs

    • Bond angle =
    – equatorial -> 120o
    – axial -> 90o

    • Type: AB5
    • Ex. : PF5
    Octahedral
    • 6 atoms attached to center atom
    • 0 lone pairs

    • Bond angle = 90o

    • Type: AB6
    • Ex. : SF6
    Electron pairs assume orientations about an atom to minimize repulsions.
    question: predict the shape of CO2 HCN CH4, NH3 SO2 PCl5,
    SF6 and H2O by using VSEPR theory.
    question: predict the shape of CO2 HCN CH4, NH3 SO2 PCl5,
    SF6 and H2O by using VSEPR theory.

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