Chapter 10 - Foreign Exchange Market-2020-2021
Chapter 10 - Foreign Exchange Market-2020-2021
Chapter 10 - Foreign Exchange Market-2020-2021
If you are traveling to another country, you need to "buy" the local
currency. Just like the price of any asset, the exchange rate is the
price at which you can buy that currency. If you are traveling to
Egypt, for example, and the exchange rate for U.S. dollars is 1:5.5
Egyptian pounds, this means that for every U.S. dollar, you can buy
five and a half Egyptian pounds.
In order to maintain the local exchange rate, the central bank buys
and sells its own currency on the foreign exchange market in return
for the currency to which it is pegged.
There are benefits and risks to using a fixed exchange rate.
In doing so, the exchange rate between the currency and its peg
does not change based on market conditions, the way floating
currencies will do.
This makes trade and investments between the two currency areas
easier and more predictable, and is especially useful for small
economies, economies which borrow primarily in foreign
currency, and in which external trade forms a large part of their
GDP.
In a fixed exchange-rate system, a country’s central bank typically
uses an open market mechanism and is committed at all times to
buy and/or sell its currency at a fixed price in order to maintain its
pegged ratio and, hence, the stable value of its currency in relation
to the reference to which it is pegged.
The central bank provides the assets and/or the foreign currency or
currencies which are needed in order to finance any payments
imbalances.
The main argument in favor of the gold standard is that it ties the
world price level to the world supply of gold, thus preventing
inflation unless there is a gold discovery (a gold rush, for example).
- Price specie flow mechanism
Consequently, internal prices would fall in the deficit nation and rise
in the surplus nation, making the exports of the deficit nation more
competitive than those of the surplus nations. The deficit nation's
exports would be encouraged and the imports would be discouraged
till the deficit in the balance of payments was eliminated
In brief:
Both types of exchange rate regime have their pros and cons, and
the choice of the right regime may differ for different countries
depending on their particular conditions. In practice there is a range
of exchange rate regimes lying between these two extreme variants,
thus providing a certain compromise between stability and
flexibility.
Chronology of Exchange Rate Regimes in Turkey: 1880–2000