Autograph Fundamental
Autograph Fundamental
Autograph Fundamental
• History
– First offered in 1986
– Unique in industry
– Simulator function
• Customer objectives
– Production versus cost
• Data collection requirements
– Completeness
– Accuracy
– Specificity
• Toolbar
– File
– Sizing
– Settings
– Windows
– Help
• File
– New
– Open
– Save
– Save as default file
– Export to Product Selector
– Exit
• Sizing
– Sizing
screen
– ASAP (A
Stress
Analysis
Program)
• Deviation
analysis
• Settings
– Units
• Metric versus American
• Barrels, gallons, liters
• Do not use this function
– Change units from sizing toolbar
• Windows
– Display changes
• Cascade
• Arrange
• Active windows
• Toolbar buttons
– Open
– Save
– Print
– Multiple cases
– Units
– Undo
– Graphs
– Tools/Options
– Help
• Open
– Opens a saved sizing
from data folder
– Same as program
toolbar open
function
• Save
– Creates a sizing file
from entered
information
– Stored in data folder
– Same as program
toolbar save function
• Print
– Will not output to
printer
– Screen shot
– Paste result into
secondary program
(MS Word,
PowerPoint, etc.)
• Multiple cases
– Six independent
sizings per data file
– Comparison value
– New case will contain
same data as current
case
• Units
– Change
measurement
formats
– Volume, distance,
temperature
– Metric, standard
(American), etc
– Change units from
well conditions
screen to prevent
program closing
• Undo
– Not like most undo
functions
– Reverse all changes
since last saved
– Do not use to
attempt to reverse
most recent change
• Graphs
– IPR Plot: Inflow performance
relationship
– Rs vs P: Gas in solution as a
function of pressure
– Z Factor: Gas compressibility as a
function of pressure
– Dead Visc: Dead oil viscosity as a
function of pressure
– Saturated Oil Viscosity: Viscosity as
a function of gas in solution
– Undersaturated Oil Viscosity:
Viscosity as a function of pressure
• Graphs
– Well Profile Plots: Graph variables as a function
of depth
• Pressure Gradient: Liquid Pressure as a Function of
Depth
• Friction Gradient: Friction Gradient and Elevation
Gradient
• Volume Factors: Volume of Oil, Water, and Gas as a
Function of Depth
• Viscosity: Liquid Mix and Oil Viscosity as a Function
of Depth
• SG and Temp: Specific Gravity of the Produced Fluid
as a Function of Depth
• Flow Rates: Change in Flow Rate as a Function of
Depth
• Velocity and %Free Gas: Velocity (ft/sec) of Mixture
and Percent of Free Gas as a Function of Depth
• Well Profile: Two-dimensional view of the well as per
users entered values
• Tools/Options
– Correlations: Allows the user to
select models used to calculate
values
– Toggle Emulsion effects On/Off
– Annular Flow
– Toggle GOR <-> GLR: Allows
selection of modeling using a Gas
Oil Ratio or Gas Liquid Ratio
– Extended Temperature Profile
– TVD <-> MD converter utility:
Converts true vertical depth to
measured depth and vice versa
• Tools/Options
– ESP vs Gas Lift analysis: Graphs a
comparison of well performance
using ESP or gas lift
– AutoMatch: Selects equipment to
match a user-entered value such as
a target pump intake pressure or
total dynamic head
– Estimate Natural Separation:
Details the amount of natural
separation given the current inputs
– SAGD Option: Toggles the Steam
Assisted Gravity Drain option
in Degrees API)
– Density of liquid
hydrocarbons
– Measured in degrees on the
American Petroleum Institute
(API) Gravity Scale
– To convert from specific
gravity to API weight:
• Oil grav = 141.5 / (131.5
+ API weight)
• Prod GOR
– Production Gas to Oil Ratio
– The total daily volume of
gas produced from both
the tubing and the casing
divided by the total daily
volume of oil produced
– Expressed in units of
standard cubic feet per
stock tank barrel (Scf/Stb)
• Pb (Bubble Point)
– The highest pressure at
which a bubble of gas is
first released from the oil
– Checking the Max Pb block
calculates and displays the
bubble point
• Autograph assumes a
hydrocarbon gas mixture,
primarily composed of
methane
• Other gasses will change
performance of the gas and
gas/oil mixture.
• Common gas impurities
include:
• N2 - Nitrogen
• H2S - Hydrogen sulfide
• CO2 - Carbon dioxide
PI = Q/(Pr - Pwf )
PI = Productivity Index
Q = Test Flow (Q implies quantity)
PR = Static Pressure
Pwf = Test Pressure (Pressure when flowing)
• Constant PI
– A linear productivity index
(the most optimistic) is
assumed
– Method calculates the highest
maximum flow rate (MaxQ)
since no change from
producing gas is assumed
– Constant PI is selected only if
the pump is used to water
• Vogel
– Uses constant PI above
the bubble point (Pb) and
a nonlinear curve below Pb
– As pressure falls below Pb,
gas comes out of the
solution resulting in a
declining Pb
– Calculates the smallest
maximum flowrate (MaxQ)
of the three options
– Recommend to use for
100% oil cases
• Composite IPR
– Composite of Vogel and
constant PI
– Oil follows Vogel's curve and
water follows PI model
– Recommended for use when
both oil and water are
flowing
• Custom Table
– When Cust is selected a
button marked IPR will
appear
– Selecting the IPR button will
call up the User Entered IPR
Table
– This table enables the user to
manually enter data to create
a custom IPR curve
• Tied
– Used to force a relationship between different screens
– Connects equipment selection with data from well conditions
screen
– The default value of this button is ‘tied’
– Clicking the button will ‘untie’ the equipment from the data
• Dynamic Simulator
– Track dynamic system conditions from
start-up to stabilized steady state
– Includes the time variable in sizing
– Numerous events and situations can be
simulated
• Hole in tubing
• Broken shaft
• Abrasive wear
– Simulator speed can be increased to
shorten the time needed to model a
longer period of operation
– Pumping Conditions
– Design Point
– Modifiers
– Other Computed Results
• Pumping Conditions
– This is a reference field
used to display data
imported from the well
screen
– Pumping conditions
information is used as a
reference while sizing the
pump
• Design Point
– Displays the number of stages,
the resulting flow and head, and
the brake horsepower required
by the pump
– Design point information will
change to reflect the current
pump.
– Most fields have a calculate
button next to them
– When data is entered in one field
other two fields will calculate the
change when the button is
clicked
• For example a decrease in
frequency will show a
corresponding decrease in flow if
no other changes are made
• Design Point
– It is recommended the
number of stages be raised
or lowered until arriving at an
operating frequency of about
60 HZ
– This allows viewing of
horsepower requirements at
60 HZ
– This also aids the service
technician with setting up the
controller based on the
operating conditions and not
just the nameplate of the
motor
• Modifiers
– The modifiers section allows
the user to adjust the
modifiers for flow, head and
power
– If a pump has been tested on
a test bench these modifiers
have been measured and
values can be entered to
duplicate pump performance
– If the viscosity effect box is
selected these modifiers will
automatically account for
high viscosity applications to
account for the effect on
pump performance
• Input Data
– Displays information drawn
from the pump selection
made at the pump screen
– Intended to aid the user in
evaluating how well
different motor designs fit
the application
• ADR Section
– Application Dependant
Rating
– Temperature vs loading
• Hot environments may
require motor to be
underloaded to prevent
overheating
• Cool environments may
permit loading the motor
beyond nameplate without
damage
• Seal Selection
– Choose the series, model, and
options that best fit the
application
– Alternative brands allow Centrilift
equipment to be sized with a
non-Centrilift seal
• The information box at the
bottom of the section provides
valuable information about the
series, model, and options
selected
• The question mark button will
call up valuable seal information
from the help file
• Pump Curve
• Input Parameters
• Operating Parameters /
Selection
• Monitoring and Automation