Catalysts Used For Catalytic Reforming

Catalysts used for
catalytic reforming
By
Saumya Sharma
Paper 1
Title - Catalyst regeneration in a catalytic reforming process
Authors - William C. Baird, Jr.; Paul E. Eberly, Jr.; George J. Balinsky, all of Baton Rouge, La.
• Catalyst used : Platinum iridium catalyst promoted with one or

more of copper, sulfurous acid or sulfuric acid, or selenium
components, preferably a platinum-iridium-selenium catalyst
• This invention relates to a process for the regeneration of metal
promoted platinum-iridium catalysts, particularly the
regeneration of platinum-iridium-selenium catalysts with
hydrogen.
• The catalyst is contacted with naphtha and the naphtha
reformed at fluidized bed or magnetically stabilized fluidized bed
severities for a period of at least 0.25 hours or at cyclic severities
for a period of at least about 60 hours, or at semi regenerative
severities for a period of at least about 600 hours, and the
catalyst then regenerated by contact with hydrogen.
Paper 2
Title - Effect of Temperature on Regeneration of Deactivated Catalytic Reforming Catalyst
(Pt/Al2O3)
Authors - Okonkwo PC, Aderemi BO and Olori TO
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
• Catalyst Used : Pt/Al2O3

• This work examined the effect of temperature on the regeneration of Pt/Al2O3
catalyst employed in semi regenerative fixed bed process.
• Samples of the catalyst were obtained from a running process (on line) at targeted
periods of 10000 and 14000 hours of operation when the catalyst would have
been deactivated to a degree.
• The catalyst samples which have undergone deactivation were regenerated at
varying temperature conditions.
• The range of temperature studied is 400-800°C. The deactivated, regenerated and
fresh catalyst samples were analyzed using FTIR, XRD and XRF to establish the
extent of deactivation and regeneration.
• The progress of the regeneration was also monitored with gravimetric
measurement of the weight losses. The work established an optimum
regeneration temperature of 500°C. The optimum temperature can be employed
as is a firm basis for regeneration process control and optimization.
• Conclusion : The activity (i.e., effectiveness) of the catalyst in a semi
regenerative catalytic reformer is reduced over time during operation by
carbonaceous coke deposition and chloride loss. The activity of the
catalyst can be periodically regenerated or restored by in situ high
temperature oxidation of the coke followed by chlorination. Catalyst
damage can easily occur during catalyst regeneration due to the high
temperatures that can occur during the carbon burn phase of the
regeneration, and catalyst life can by dramatically shortened if the damage
becomes excessive.
Paper 3
Title - Catalytic Reforming
Authors - Torbjorn Gjervan, Rune Prestvik and Anders Holmen'
• Catalyst : alumina supported platinum catalyst

• Catalytic reforming is an important refinery process for the production of high
octane gasoline, hydrogen, and aromatics from naphtha. The most important
reactions occurring are dehydrogenation of naphthenes, dehydrocyclisation of
paraffins, isomerisation, and dehydroisomerisation. In addition, the process suffers
from catalyst deactivation by coking.
• The catalyst employed in reforming is bifunctional in nature consisting of a noble
metal supported on alumina. Hydrogenation/Dehydrogenation reactions are
catalysed by the noble metal, e.g. platinum. Isomerisation reactions are catalysed by
the support, which is acidic in nature.
• The alumina supported platinum catalyst has been used for decades but has been
improved by the addition of a second element such as rhenium, tin or iridium. The
chemical state of the second element and the exact role of the element in bringing
about higher stability in catalytic reforming have been intensively studied for many
years. Due to environmental concerns the aromatic content of gasoline will have to
be reduced. In addition, the possible introduction of hydrogen as an alternative
motor vehicle fuel may seriously threaten the role of catalytic reforming in the
future.
Paper 4
Title - Optimization of the reaction parameters of heavy naphtha reforming process using Pt-Re/Al2O3 catalyst system
Authors - Hussien A. Elsayed , Mohamed F. Menoufy , Seham A. Shaban a,
Hoda S. Ahmed , Bassem H. Heakal
• Catalyst : Pt-Re/Al2O3
• One of the most significant procedures in oil refineries is naphtha
catalytic reforming unit in which high octane gasoline is gained. Normally,
in oil refineries, flow instability in the composition of feedstock can affect
the product quality.
• The aim of the present work was focused on modifications of the final
product flow rate and product’s octane number with respect to the
modifications of the feedstock composition.
• The main three reforming reactions investigated, namely;
dehydrogenation, dehydro cyclization, and hydrocracking were
conducted employing silica supported bimetallic (Pt-Re) patented
catalyst.
• Optimization of the catalytic process reaction conditions, i.e.;
temperature, hydrogen pressure and liquid hourly space velocity
(LHSV) was carried out with regard to conversion and selectivity.
• The optimization results indicated that heavy naphtha component
conversion (paraffin’s and naphthenes) increases with an increasing
in reaction temperature and pressure while decreases with an
increase in LHSV.
• The kinetic study of catalytic reforming reactions reported helped
establishing the reaction model explicitly.
Paper 5
Title -Catalytic Naphtha Reforming
Authors - Abdullah M. Aitani
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
• The use of catalytic naphtha reforming as a process to produce high-octane

gasoline continues to be important as it has been over the 55 yr of its
commercial use.
• The catalytic reformer occupies a key position in a refinery providing high
value-added reformate for the gasoline pool, hydrogen for hydroprocessing
operations, and, frequently, benzene, toluene, and xylene aromatics for
petrochemical uses.
• The main objective of catalytic reforming is to transform paraffins and
naphthenes in naphtha to aromatics-rich products with as little ring
opening or cracking as possible. Aromatics have very high octane numbers
(>100) and can be tolerated in gasoline up to almost 50 vol%.
• However, because of stringent environmental regulations, the refining
industry has taken significant steps to reduce the level of aromatic
compounds in gasoline by adapting its formulation. Many countries have
reduced the total aromatics content in gasoline from 42–35 vol%.
• Naphtha feed to the reformer contains a mixture of C6–C11 paraffins,
naphthenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons in the temperature range of
85–200C.
• Most reformers process straight-run naphthas with qualities that vary
significantly depending on the crude oil origin and boiling range.
• Typical straight-run naphtha contains 65 wt% paraffins, 20 wt%
naphthenes and 15 wt% aromatics. Cracked naphthas, such as
visbreaker, coker, and heavy hydrocracked, are another source of
reformer feeds.
• In motor gasoline applications, naphtha contains the full range of C6–
C11 components to maximize gasoline production. In petrochemical
applications, naphtha feed may be adjusted to contain a more select
range of hydrocarbons to maximize the production of aromatics.

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Catalysts used for

• Catalyst used : Platinum iridium catalyst promoted with one or

• Catalyst Used : Pt/Al2O3

• Catalyst : alumina supported platinum catalyst

• The use of catalytic naphtha reforming as a process to produce high-octane

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