SATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

WELCOME TO MY CLASS
OBSERVATION 2
By:

MARICEL L. LURA
2
ATTENDANCE
3
4
WHAT’S IN
Jumbled Letters
Rearrange the letters to form the correct word base on the given definition.

L S P O E
1.Shows the steepness of a line and represents the rate of change in
y as x changes

S L O P E
.

5
WHAT’S IN
Jumbled Letters
Rearrange the letters to form the correct word base on the given definition.

R E E I T T N P C
2.A point where the line crosses or intersects the horizontal or vertical axis

I N T E R C E P T
.

6
WHAT’S IN
Jumbled Letters
Rearrange the letters to form the correct word base on the given definition.

N E R A L I
3. A type of regression that finds the best-fit line to represent a bivariate
data set

L I N E A R

7
WHAT’S IN
Jumbled Letters
Rearrange the letters to form the correct word base on the given definition.

A N D M I O
4. The x-values which represent the independent variable

D O M A I N
.

8
WHAT’S IN
Jumbled Letters
Rearrange the letters to form the correct word base on the given definition.

Q A E N O I T U
5. The algebraic expression of a regression line

.
E Q U A T I O N

9
 CALCULATES THE
SLOPE AND
Y-INTERCEPT OF THE
REGRESSION LINE
 OBJECTIVES
 identify the slope and y-intercept from
the equation of the regression line;
 calculate the slope and y-intercept of
the regression line
 apply and solve real-life problems
using regression line.

11
 DIAGNOSTIC TEST
1.In the regression equation ŷ=1+2𝑥, what is the slope?
A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 D. 0
2. In the given equation ŷ=1+2𝑥, what is the y-intercept?
A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 D. 0
3. What can be computed using the formula: 𝑏=(Σ𝑥𝑦)−(Σ𝑥)(Σ𝑦)/𝑛(Σ𝑥2)−(Σ𝑥)2?
A. domain B. range C. slope D. y-intercept
4. What can be computed using the formula: 𝑎= (Σ𝑦)−𝑏(Σ𝑥)/𝑛?
A. domain B. range C. slope D. y-intercept
5. What is the set of statistical method used to describe the relationship
between independent variables and a dependent variable?
A. regression analysis C. regression form
B. regression equation D. regression line

12
 DECODING
Decode the word according to corresponding letter in the alphabet by solving
the given basic mathematical operations.

1.5+7= 12
2. 1+2+6= 9
3. 19-5= 14
4. 36-31= 5
5. 1÷1= 1
LINEAR
6. 3x6= 18
13
One type of regression is linear
regression.
Linear regression consists of finding a
best-fitting straight line on a scatter plot of
sample data.
The slope and y-intercept of the regression
line play an important role in analyzing a set
of data.
14
The slope indicates the steepness of a
regression line and the y-intercept
indicates the location where it intersects the
y-axis.
The slope and the y-intercept define a
linear relationship between two variables
and can be used to estimate an average
rate of change.
15
Regression analysis mathematically describes the relationship
between independent variables and a dependent variable.
TABLE 1
NAME FOCUS
Botany PLANTS
ZOOLOGY ANIMALS
ANATOMY HUMAN BODY

16
A teacher believes that excellence is a fruit of hard work
and persistence. That’s why she wants to prove if the
number of students’ absences is related to their general
average. On her gathered data, the recorded number of
absences and general average in the recent semester are
shown on the table.

17
 Step Yes, Step Do
Step 1. Using the given data as points, find the slope
(𝑚) using algebraic method.
Use the points (1, 98) and (10, 78).

𝑚= 𝑦2− 𝑦1 / 𝑥2− 𝑥1
𝑚= 78−98 / 10−1
𝑚= −20/9
𝑚= −2.22
18
 Step Yes, Step Do
Step 2. Find the y-intercept using the slope (𝑚), the point
(1, 98), and the slope-intercept form of a line (𝑦=𝑚𝑥+𝑏).

𝑦=𝑚𝑥+𝑏
98=(−2.22)(1)+𝑏
98=−2.22+𝑏
𝑏=98+2.22
𝑏=100.22
19
Step 3. Write the equation of the line.
Substitute the value of 𝑚 and the value
of 𝑏 in 𝑦=𝑚𝑥+𝑏.

𝑦=−2.22𝑥+100.22

20
 Use the points (1, 98) and (5, 87).

𝑚= 𝑦2− 𝑦1 / 𝑥2− 𝑥1
𝑚= 87−98 /5−1
𝑚= -11/4
𝑚= -2.75

21
Guide Questions:

1. Compare the slope solved using the points (1, 98) and (10,
78) with the slope solved using (1, 98) and (5, 87). Are the two
slopes equal?
2. Compare the y-intercept solved using the points (1, 98) and
(10, 78) with the y-intercept solved using the points (1, 98) and
(5, 87). Are the computed y-intercepts equal?
3. Are the two equations of the line equal or unequal? Why?
4. Do you think the teacher can describe the relationship of the
given variables using the two equations he just computed?
Why? 22
Activity: Start with a and b
From each regression line, the students identify the y-
intercept (a) and the slope (b).

Regression Y-Intercept Slope

Equation (𝑎) (𝑏)
1. 𝑦̂=5+4𝑥 5 4
2. 𝑦̂=3−2𝑥 3 2
3. 𝑦̂=1/2+𝑥 1/2 1
4. 𝑦̂=−1−3𝑥 -1 -3
5. 𝑦̂=2+2𝑥/3 2 2/3
23
For statistics, there is a simpler way to find the equation of the
best-fit line. The equation of the best-fit line is also called
equation of the regression line or simply regression equation.
The equation of the regression line is 𝑦̂=𝑏𝑥+𝑎
where: 𝑏= slope of the regression line
𝑎= y-intercept of the regression line
Examples:
a. 𝑦̂=2𝑥+3 𝑏 = 2; 𝑎 = 3; The slope is 2 and
y-intercept is 3.
b. 𝑦̂=𝑥/2− 1 𝑏= 1/2 ; 𝑎= −1;The slope is 1/2 and
y-intercept is -1.
The y-intercept and slope can be solved using the step-by-step solution and
formulas for finding the slope and y-intercept.
The y-intercept and slope can be solved using the step-by-step solution and
formulas for finding the slope and y-intercept.
Step 1: Make a data table with four columns (x, y, xy, and x2). Note the
sample size, n.
Step 2: List the data for x and y. Multiply x and y to get xy. Square x to
get x2. Complete the table.
Step 3: Find the sum of x, y, xy, and x2 by adding the values in each
column.
Step 4: Substitute the solved values into the corresponding formula.
The slope (b) can be calculated using the following formula:

The y-intercept (a) can be calculated using the following formula:

27
𝒂= (Σ𝒚)−𝒃(Σ𝒙) / 𝒏

28
 INTERACTIVE
QUIZ
Multiple Choice. Choose the
letter of the best answer. Write
the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
NEXT
29
1. It is the set of statistical method used to describe the relationship between independent variables
and a dependent variable?
A. regression analysis B. regression line
2.What is the formula for y-intercept?
A. (Σ𝑦)−𝑏(Σ𝑥)/𝑛? B. (Σ𝑥𝑦)−(Σ𝑥)(Σ𝑦)/𝑛(Σ𝑥2)−(Σ𝑥)2?

3.What can be computed using the formula: 𝑏=( Σ𝑥𝑦)−(Σ𝑥)(Σ𝑦)/𝑛(Σ𝑥2)−(Σ𝑥)2?

A. slope B. y-intercept
4. In the given equation ŷ= 3+2𝑥, what is the y-intercept?
A. 3 B. 2
5. In the regression equation ŷ=1+6𝑥, what is the slope?
A. 6 B. 1

30
Group activity (What We Can Do)
Each group make a process flowchart showing the steps and formulas in
calculating the slope and y-intercept from a given set of data. Show your
imagination and creativity. Use long bond paper.

The steps in calculating the slope and y-intercept from a given set of data are
the following:
Step 1: Make a data table with four columns (x, y, xy, and x2). Note the
sample size, n.
Step 2: List the data for x and y. Multiply x and y to get xy. Square x to get
x2. Complete the table.
Step 3: Find the sum of x, y, xy, and x2 by adding the values in each column.
Step 4: Substitute the solved values into the corresponding formula.
31
 Rubric for Creative Process Flowchart
Standards 4 3 2 1
Steps The flowchart includes all The flowchart is missing one The flowchart is missing two The flowchart is missing more
steps. step. steps. than two steps and is
confusing.

Vocabulary The flowchart is accurately The flowchart is labeled and The flowchart is labeled and The flowchart is not labeled
labeled and detailed. detailed. has some details. and lacks detail.

Readability The overall appearance of the The overall appearance of the The overall appearance of the The flowchart is difficult to
flowchart is pleasing, easy to flowchart is somewhat flowchart is pleasing and easy interpret and not logically set
interpret, and logically set up. pleasing, logically set up, and to interpret, but not logically up.
easy to interpret. set up.

Imagery Images used to show each Images used to show each Images used to show each Images used are irrelevant
step are relevant and add step are relevant and add step are somewhat relevant and do not add visual quality
visual quality to the flow chart. some visual quality to the flow and add some visual quality to to the flow chart.
chart. the flow chart.

Task Completion Fully achieved the purpose of Accomplished the task Completed most of the task Attempted to do the task but
the task with no success

32
How slope and y-intercept of the regression line
apply in real-life situation? 33
 EVALUATION
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
__1. What is the set of statistical method used to describe the relationship between
independent variables and a dependent variable?
A. regression analysis C. regression form
B. regression equation D. regression line
__2.What can be computed using the formula: 𝑎= (Σ 𝑦)− 𝑏(Σ 𝑥)/ 𝑛?
A. domain B. range C. slope D. y-intercept
__3.What can be computed using the formula: 𝑏=(Σ 𝑥𝑦)−(Σ 𝑥)(Σ 𝑦)/ 𝑛(Σ 𝑥2)−(Σ 𝑥)2?
A. domain B. range C. slope D. y-intercept
__4. In the given equation ŷ=1+2𝑥, what is the y-intercept?
A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 D. 0
__5. In the regression equation ŷ=1+2𝑥, what is the slope?
A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 D. 0

34
 Answer key

1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5B

35
 ASSIGNMENT

Now, it is time to reflect. Answer the following questions honestly.

1.What concepts have you learned?
I learned that
__________________________________________________
2.Why is slope and y-intercept important in finding the regression
equation?
The slope and y-intercept are important because _________________

36
 THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ACTIVE
PARTICIPATION

37
CORRECT
BACK NEXT 38
WRONG
BACK NEXT 39
 INCENTIVE FOR GROUP ACTIVITY

GROUP 1

GROUP 2

GROUP 3

40
 Let’s use some percentages

25% 50% 75%

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest planet Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
to the Sun and the smallest of and is the second planet from actually a cold place. It’s full
them all the Sun of iron oxide dust

41
4,498,300,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention

42
 Tablet
mockup
You can replace the image on the
screen with your own work. Just right-
click on it and select “Replace image”

43
Phone
mockup
You can replace the image on the screen
with your own work. Just right-click on it
and select “Replace image”

44
 This is a map

Venus
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun

Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun

Mars
Despite being red, Mars is a
very cold place

45
 A timeline always works well

Venus is the second planet Despite being red, Mars is a

from the Sun very cold place

Venus Mars

Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is the closest planet Jupiter is the biggest planet of
to the Sun them all

46
 Infographics make your idea understandable

Mars Venus
Mars is actually a very Venus has extremely high
cold place temperatures

Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest Saturn is a gas giant and
planet to the Sun has several rings

47
 Tables represent your data in a clear way

Mass Diameter Surface gravity

(earths) (earths) (earths)

Mercury 0.06 0.38 0.38

Mars 0.11 0.53 0.38

Saturn 95.2 9.4 1.16

48
 You can use this graph

Mercury Venus
Mercury is the smallest Venus has very high
planet temperatures

Jupiter Saturn
Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is a gas giant
planet with rings

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here

49
 Our faculty

Sofia Hill Kaliyah Harris

You can speak a bit about this person You can speak a bit about this person
here here

50
 Exercise 1. Frequency

42,5% 12,5 %
2 times 3 times In a class with 40 children in total,
they have been asked about the
number of times they do sports per
week.
7,5 % 37,5 %
Look at the chart and answer.
4 times 1 time
What frequency is repeated the most?

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here

51
 Interpreting two-way tables

Water Juice Salty Sweet

Boys 8 3 Boys 5 7

Girls 7 5 Girls 6 9

In a class, boys and girls have been 1. How many children prefer to
asked about their food preferences. drink water? And juice?
Look at both tables.
2. How many girls are there in the
sweet/salty group?

52
 Exercise 2 . Complete the table

5 meals 4 or 3 TOTAL
In a class with 40 boys and 40 girls they
Boys 25 40 have been asked about the number of
meals they eat per day. Complete the
Girls 30 40 gap.

53
 Interpreting two events in probability

A B
❏ AUB=
2 4 ❏ …
3 ❏ …
❏ …
1 5

Look at the circles and name all individual and

common events from cases A and B.

54
 Roll the dice!

Number 1 2 3 4 5 6

Probability 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,17 0,21

By rolling a six-sided die we have obtained the

following results for each number. Calculate the
probability for the number 5 and fill the gap.

55
 Choose your team!

Look at the graphic and calculate the

arithmetic mean and the distribution range of
the score obtained by the following soccer
teams.

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then
paste the new one here. For more info, click here

56
 Exercise 3. Events in probability

Sure event Get a number less than 10 3 4 5 6

Impossible event 7 5 8 9

Possible event 2 4 2 1

Pay attention at the numbers and times they

appear. Then, complete the table with 3
possible and impossible events for each gap.

57
 Thanks!
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[email protected]
+34 654 321 432
yourwebsite.com

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