Air Based Hazards
Air Based Hazards
Air Based Hazards
Hazards
RUSHALI N SHAH
L. M. COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
Contents
• Introduction
3
SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
• Burning of wood, charcoal and other fossil fuels causes air pollution
by the release of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon sulphur dioxide etc.
Petroleum consists mainly of hydrocarbons, sulphur and nitrogen.
• Vehicles are mainly responsible for more than 80% of total air
pollution. The major pollutants released from automobiles,
locomotives, aircraft etc., include CO, unburnt hydrocarbons and
nitrogen oxide .
CONT…
3. Industries
• Paper and pulp factories, petroleum refi neries, fertilizer plants, and steel
industries, thermal power plants are the main sources of air pollution. They
add various harmful gases like CO, SO3, NO, Hydrocarbons etc., to the
atmosphere.
4. Agricultural Activities
• Spraying of insecticides and
weedicides also cause air pollution.
These, when inhaled create severe
problems to both animals and man.
CONT…
5. Natural Causes
• Gas emissions from active volcanoes, marsh gas, spores of fungi and
pollens are the natural causes of air pollution.
Other Sources Of Air Pollution:
Domestic sources:
Natural sources : Wind
Fungi
Dust
Bacteria
Miscellaneous:- Pesticide
Radioactive fallout
Fertilizer dust
Mining activity
Mills and plants
Air Pollutants:
• Carbon monoxide
• Sulphur dioxide
• Nitrogen oxide
• Carbon dioxide
• Hydrocarbons
• Benzene
• Hydrogen sulphide
• Ozone
• Particulate matter
8
Classification Of Pollutants:
9
CARBON MONOXIDE: SULPHUR DIOXIDE:
• Produced When Coal And Fuel Oil
• Produced When Carbon Does Not
Are Burned.
Burn In Fossil Fuels.
• Present In Power Plant Exhaust.
• Present In Car Exhaust.
Effects: Effects:
Reduce Oxygen Carrying Capacity Of
Blood. Narrows The Airway, Causing
Decrease In Vision And Causes Cardio Wheezing And Shortness Of Breath,
Vascular Disorders.
especially In Those With Asthma.
10
GROUND LEVEL OZONE: PARTICULATE MATTER
• At Upper Level, Ozone Shields Ear th • Industries and automobiles
From Sun’s Harmful UV Rays but at
release fi ne particles into the air.
Ground Level, Ozone Is Harmful
Fly ash and soot from burning of
Pollutants
coal, metal dust containing lead,
• Formed From Car, Power And Chemical
chromium, cadmium and zinc from
Plant Exhaust
metallurgical processes are
11
Hazardous Air Pollutants
• Hazardous air pollutants, also known as toxic air pollutants or air toxics,
are those pollutants that are known or suspected to cause cancer or other
serious health eff ects, such as reproductive eff ects or birth defects, or
adverse environmental eff ects.
ii. perchloroethylene, which is emitted from some dry cleaning facilities; and
2. Control measures
o Collecting pollutants by using equipment
(eg Cyclone separator, Fabric fi lters etc)
o Destroying the pollutants by thermal
or catalytic combustion.
o Changing the pollutants to less toxic
form.
o By releasing the pollutants through tall
chimneys for greater dispersion.
CONCLUSION
• https://www.epa.gov/haps /what-are-hazardous-air-pollutants
• http://noair-rors.weebly.com /air-pollution.html