Rice Disease

PERNELYN S.
TORREÑA
Crop Protection Unit
PhilRice Midsayap
Bacterial Blight
At seedling stage - Kresek
BACTERIAL
LEAF BLIGHT
Gray to brown, uneven
lesions progressing
downwards.
Leaf Blight
Bacterial Blight (BB)
Causal agent SCALE (for SCALE (for field
Xanthomonas oryzae greenhouse test)
pv. oryzae test)
Symptoms 0 0-3% 1 1-5%
Lesions usually start
near the leaf margins or
2 4-6% 3 6-12%
both, and extend down 3 7-12% 5 13-25%
the outer edge(s).
Young lesions are pale 4 13-25% 7 26-50%
green to grayish green,
later turning yellow to
5 26-50% 9 51-100%
gray (dead) with time 6 51-75%
At growth stage:
3-4 kresek, 7 76-87%
5-8 leaf blight
NOTE: In both seedling and field 8 88-94%
tests, folded young leaves, old or
leaves with nutrient deficiency or
other disease should not be 9 95-100%
inoculated.
Bacterial Leaf Streak
Linear, water-
soaked,
yellowish
streaks
between the
Leaf turns brown, grayish white, and dries veins.
Bacterial Leaf Streak (BLS)
Causal agent SCALE (Affected leaf area)

Xanthomonas oryzae 0 No lesions observed
pv. oryzicola
1 Small brown specks of pin-
Symptoms point size or larger brown
Linear lesions with small specks without sporulating
bacterial exudates center
evident. 3 Lesion type is the same as in
scale 2, but a significant
At growth stage: 3-6
number of lesions are on the
NOTE: This scale may upper leaves
also be used for leaf 5 Typical blast lesions infecting
smut caused by 4-10% of the leaf area
Entyloma oryzae.
7 Typical blast lesions infection
26-50% of the leaf area
9 More than 75% leaf area
affected
Sheath Blight
Sheath Blight (ShB)
Causal agent
Thanethoporus cucumeris SCALE (based on
(Rhizoctonia solani)
relative lesion height)
Symptoms 0 No infection
Grayish-green lesions
may enlarge and observed
coalesce with other
lesions, mostly on lower
1 Lesions limited to
leaf sheaths, but lower 20% of the
occasionally on the plant height
leaves.
3 20-30%
NOTE: The relative
lesion height is the
average vertical height 5 31-45%
of the uppermost lesion
on leaf or sheath 7 46-65%
expressed as a
percentage of the 9 More than 65%
Rice Blast
Foliar blast Mature blast lesion
Collar blast Panicle blast

Leaf Blast (Bl) CODE (Predominant lesion type)
Causal agent 0 No lesions observed
Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia
oryzae) 1 Small brown specks of pinpoint
Symptoms
Lesions usually start near the leaf
size or larger brown specks
tips or leaf margins or both, and without sporulating center
extend down the outer edge(s).
Young lesions are pale green to 3 Small, roundish to slightly
grayish green, later turning yellow
to gray (dead) with time. In very elongated necrotic sporulating
susceptible varieties, lesions may spots, about 1-2 mm in diameter
extend to the entire leaf length
into the leaf sheath. Kresek or with a distinct brown margin or
seedling blight causes wilting and
death of the plants.
yellow halo
5 Narrow or slightly elliptical
lesions, 1-2 mm in breadth, more
NOTE: Use this scale only for the
nursery. Actual estimation of blast than 3 mm long with a brown
affected leaf area (%) is margin
recommended for field assessment
of blast disease together with 7 Broad spindle-shaped lesion with
predominant lesion type (see
coding system for lesion type). yellow, brown, or purple margin
Entries with consistent rating,
between 4 and 6 with overall 9 Rapidly coalescing small, whitish,
average not higher than 5.5 may
have a good level of quantitative
grayish, or bluish lesions without
distinct margins
Panicle Blast (PB)
Causal agent
Magnaporthe grisea (pyricularia oryzae )
SCALE (Incidence of
Symptoms
Dark, necrotic lesions cover partially or
completely around the panicle base
severely infected
(node) or the uppermost internode or the
lower part of panicle axis. The panicles
panicles)
are greyish and have either partially filled
or unfilled grains.
0 No incidence
NOTE: Based on the number of panicles
1 Less than 5%
with each scale, compute panicle blast
severity (PBS) as follows:
(10xN1)+(20 x N3)+(40xN5)
+ (70xN7)+(100xN9) 3 5-10%
PBS = --------------------
5 11-25%
Total no. of panicles observed
where N1-N9 are the number of panicles

with score 1-9.
At growth stage: 8 (20-25 days after

7 26-50%
heading).
NOTE: For the mass evaluation of panicle

9 More than 50%
blast incidence count only the number of
panicles with lesions covering completely
around the node, neck or lower part of
the panicle axis (symptom type 7-9).
Tungro
Chlorosis or
Stunting yellowing
Uneven growth and distribution of diseased plants

Rice Tungro Disease
Causal agent SCALE (RGSV1)
Rice tungro bacilliform
virus (RTBV) and rice 1 No symptom observed
tungro spherical virus
(RTSV) 3 1-10% height reduction, no
distinct yellow to yellow orange
Symptoms leaf discoloration
Yellow to yellow orange
leaves, stunting, and 5 11-30% height reduction, no
slightly reduced distinct yellow to yellow orange
tillering. leaf discoloration
At growth stages: 7 31-50% height reduction, with

2 (for the greenhouse) distinct yellow to yellow orange
3-5 (for the field) leaf discoloration
Score and calculate DI 9 More than 50% height reduction,

at 4 weeks after with distinct yellow to yellow
inoculation in the orange discoloration
greenhouse.
Panicle Blight/Grain Discoloration
Grain Discoloration (Gd)
Causal agents
Species of Sarocladium, SCALE (Grains with severely
Bipolaris, Alternaria, discolored glumes)
Gerlachia, Fusarium, Phoma,
Curvularia, Trichoconiella, and
Psuedomonas.
Symptoms 0 No incidence
Darkening of glumes of
spikelets, brown color to
black including rotten 1 Less than 1%
glumes caused by one or
more pathogens. Intensity
ranges from sporadic 3 1-5%
discoloration to
discoloration of the whole
glume.
5 6-25%
NOTE: Severity of grain
7 26-50%
discoloration can be estimated
by counting grains with more
than 25% of glume surface
9 51-100%
affected.
Brown Spot
Brown Spot (BS)
Causal agent SCALE (Affected leaf area)

Cochliobolus
miyabeanus (Bipolaris
oryzae, Drechslera 1 No incidence
oryzae).
2 Less than 1%
Symptoms
Typical leaf spots are 3 1-3%
small, oval or circular
and dark brown. Larger 4 4-5%
lesions usually have the
same color on the edges 5 11-15%
but have a pale, usually
grayish center. Most
6 16-25%
spots have a light 7 26-50%
yellow halo around the
outer edge. 8 51-75%
9 76-100%
Disease Severity. will be determined using the formula:
DS = 0n0 + 1n1 … 9n9 x 100

9n
where:
0n0 … 9n9 = refer to the number of rice plants showing the
rating of 0, 1,3, 5, 7 and 9, respectively.
9 = represents the highest rating scale
n = total number of plants
Disease reaction of entries will be based on:

Scale Reaction
0-3 Resistant
4-6 Intermediate
7-9 Susceptible
Example: (Grain discoloration, leaf spots…)
DS = 0n0 + 1n1 … 9n9 x 100

9n
= 0(0) + 1(2) + 3(2) + 7(5) + 9 (1) x 100
9 (10)
= 0 + 2 + 6 + 35 + 9 x 100
90
= 52/90 x 100
= 57.77 or 58%
SCALE REACTION
0-30% Resistant
31-60% Intermediate
61-100% Susceptible
Example: (Tungro)
Disease Incidence = No. of infected plants x 100

Total No. of plants
= 25/30 x 100
= 83.33%
SCALE REACTION (Field)

0-25% Resistant
26-50% Intermediate
51-100% Susceptible
SCALE REACTION (Greenhouse)

0-20% Resistant
21-40% Intermediate
41-100% Susceptible

Rice Disease

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PERNELYN S.

At seedling stage - Kresek

Causal agent SCALE (Affected leaf area)

Foliar blast Mature blast lesion

Collar blast Panicle blast

where N1-N9 are the number of panicles

At growth stage: 8 (20-25 days after

NOTE: For the mass evaluation of panicle

Uneven growth and distribution of diseased plants

At growth stages: 7 31-50% height reduction, with

Score and calculate DI 9 More than 50% height reduction,

Causal agent SCALE (Affected leaf area)

DS = 0n0 + 1n1 … 9n9 x 100

Disease reaction of entries will be based on:

DS = 0n0 + 1n1 … 9n9 x 100

Disease Incidence = No. of infected plants x 100

SCALE REACTION (Field)

SCALE REACTION (Greenhouse)

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