Physical Quantities and Measurement

INTRODUCTION TO
PHYSICS
WHAT IS PHYSICS?
PHYSICS: THE “BASIC SCIENCE”
Physics is more than the a part of Physical

Science, it is a basic science.
It is about the nature basic things such as

motion, force, energy and matter, heat, sound and
light, and the inside of the atoms.
PHYSICS:
THE “EXPERIMENTAL
SCIENCE”
• Physicists observe the phenomena of nature
and try to find patterns that relate to these
phenomena.
• Experiments require measurements, and we

generally use numbers to describe the
results of measurements.
These patterns are called physical

theories or when they are very well
established and widely used, physical laws
or principles.
PHYSICS IN HEALTH
SCIENCES
A science that deals with the applications of
matter, energy, space and time in the diagnosis,
treatment and prevention of disease and injury.
VITAL SIGNS
Can be observed, measured, and monitored to

assess an individual’s level of physical functioning.
• Blood pressure
• Temperature
• Pulse rate
• Respiratory rate
BLOOD PRESSURE
• Pressure of circulating blood against the PHYSICS CONCEPTS:

walls of the arteries.
• Measured in two point; systole (high • Ideal gas law
point) and diastole (low point)
• Measured in mm of Hg using the • Force pump
sphygmomanometer.
PULSE
• -The rhythmic expansion of the arteries
resulting from the passage of
successive surges of blood, produced
by the continuing contractions of the
heart.
Measured from the following points:
• Radial artery (wrist)

NORMAL PULSE RATE:
• Brachial artery (inside of the elbow) 60 to 70 beats per minute (adults)
• Carotid artery (either side of the
Ideal gas law
windpipe) Force pump
• Apical (apex of the heart)
STANDARDS AND UNITS
PHYSICAL QUANTITY
Any number that is used to describe a
physical phenomenon quantitatively is
called a physical quantity
MEASUREMENT
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION • a process of comparing a property to
Some physical quantities are so
fundamental that we can define them well-defined and agreed upon
only by describing how to measure referent.
them. Such a definition is called an
operational definition.
• This “referent” is used as standard
called unit.
TWO SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT
Metric System
MEASUREMENT British System
Standard unit is fixed and reproducible value METRIC SYSTEM

for the purpose of taking accurate
measurement.
mks (meter-kilogram-second)
The result of measurement has two parts
Example: cgs (centimeter-gram-second)
length= 18cm
18- number (how many)
cm- unit (of what) BRITISH SYSTEM
fps (foot-pound-second)
INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS OF UNITS
• In 1960, the units of the metric system

were streamlined by an international
conference held in France.
• The conference then created the SI,

which stands for Systeme international
d’ unites or the International Systems
of Units.
A combination of two or more base units is called a derived unit. A
common derived unit is volume.
Examples of SI derived units expressed in terms of base units

Derived Quantity SI derived unit
Name Symbol
area square metre m2
volume cubic metre m3
speed, velocity metre per second m/s
acceleration metre per second squared m/s2
wavenumber 1 per metre m-1
density, mass density kilogram per cubic metre kg/m3
specific volume cubic metre per kilogram m3/kg
current density ampere per square metre A/m2
magnetic field strength ampere per metre A/m
concentration
mole per cubic metre mol/m3
(of amount of substance)
luminance candela per square metre cd/m2
refractive index (the number) one 1(a)
UNIT PREFIXES
In measurement, a unit prefix or metric prefix can
be used to make new unit larger or smaller than the
base unit.
POWER OF PREFIX ABBREVIATION POWER OF TEN PREFIX ABBREVIATIO

TEN N
1012 Tera T 10-2 Centi c
109 Giga G 10-3 Milli m
106 Mega M 10-6 Micro µ
103 kilo k 10-9 nano n
UNIT CONVERSION
UNIT
CONVERSION
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
1.) 24 Gg= ________ lb

2.) 33km= ________ mi
3.) 28.5L= ________
4.) 80km/hr= _______ m/s
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2 Solution:
1 in = 2.54 cm
How many inches are there
in 12 m? 100 cm = 1m
L= 12m xx =
472 in
Sample Problem 3
Maynilad uses cubic meter (m ) as the unit of volume of
3
water used in each household. Determine how many cubic

meters are there in a 15-L tank of water.
SOLUTION:
15 L = _______ m 3
V= 15 L
16
Sample Problem 4
The world land speed record is 763.0 mi/h, set on
October 15, 1997, by Andy Green in the jet-engine
car Thrust SSC. Express this speed in meters per
second.
Solution:
17
Sample Problem 5
The temperature of liquid nitrogen is 100K.
Express this in degrees 0C and 0F.
18
THANK YOU

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INTRODUCTION TO

Physics is more than the a part of Physical

It is about the nature basic things such as

• Experiments require measurements, and we

These patterns are called physical

Can be observed, measured, and monitored to

• Pressure of circulating blood against the PHYSICS CONCEPTS:

Measured from the following points:

• Radial artery (wrist)

Standard unit is fixed and reproducible value METRIC SYSTEM

• In 1960, the units of the metric system

• The conference then created the SI,

Examples of SI derived units expressed in terms of base units

POWER OF PREFIX ABBREVIATION POWER OF TEN PREFIX ABBREVIATIO

1.) 24 Gg= ________ lb

water used in each household. Determine how many cubic

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