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    Identifying 2

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    ماجدة صبري شايع
    This document discusses variables in research. It begins by defining a variable as a concept that is capable of measurement and can take on different values. A key difference between a concept and a variable is that concepts cannot be measured, while variables can. The document provides examples of converting concepts into measurable variables by identifying indicators reflective of the concept, which can then be measured and analyzed. Finally, it discusses different types of variables from the viewpoint of their unit of measurement, such as categorical, continuous, qualitative and quantitative variables.

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    Identifying 2

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    ماجدة صبري شايع
    17 views5 pages
    This document discusses variables in research. It begins by defining a variable as a concept that is capable of measurement and can take on different values. A key difference between a concept and a variable is that concepts cannot be measured, while variables can. The document provides examples of converting concepts into measurable variables by identifying indicators reflective of the concept, which can then be measured and analyzed. Finally, it discusses different types of variables from the viewpoint of their unit of measurement, such as categorical, continuous, qualitative and quantitative variables.

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    This document discusses variables in research. It begins by defining a variable as a concept that is capable of measurement and can take on different values. A key difference between a concept and a variable is that concepts cannot be measured, while variables can. The document provides examples of converting concepts into measurable variables by identifying indicators reflective of the concept, which can then be measured and analyzed. Finally, it discusses different types of variables from the viewpoint of their unit of measurement, such as categorical, continuous, qualitative and quantitative variables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17 views5 pages

    Identifying 2

    Uploaded by

    ماجدة صبري شايع
    This document discusses variables in research. It begins by defining a variable as a concept that is capable of measurement and can take on different values. A key difference between a concept and a variable is that concepts cannot be measured, while variables can. The document provides examples of converting concepts into measurable variables by identifying indicators reflective of the concept, which can then be measured and analyzed. Finally, it discusses different types of variables from the viewpoint of their unit of measurement, such as categorical, continuous, qualitative and quantitative variables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    University of Baghdad

    College of Education / Ibn Rused for Human Sciences


    Department of English
    M.A Studies

    Identifying Variables
    The presentation Made by
    M.A Candidates: Majida
    Identifying Variables
    What is a variables?
    • Whether we accept it or not, we all make value judgements constantly in our daily lives: ‘This
    food is excellent’; ‘I could not sleep well last night’; ‘I do not like this’; and ‘I think this is
    wonderful’. These are all judgements based upon our own preferences, indicators or
    assessment.
    • When people express these feelings or preferences, they do so on the basis of certain criteria in
    their minds, or in relation to their expectations. If you were to question them you will discover
    that their judgement is based upon indicators and/or expectations that lead them to conclude
    and express a particular opinion.

    • An image, perception or concept that is capable of measurement – hence capable of taking on


    different values – is called a variable.
    • In other words, a concept that can be measured is called a variable.
    • According to Kerlinger, ‘A variable is a property that takes on different values.
    )Kumar,2011(
    The difference between a concept and a variable
    • Measurability is the main difference between a concept and a variable.
    1. Concepts are mental images or perceptions their meanings vary from individual to
    individual.
    2. variables are measurable with varying degrees of accuracy.
    3. A concept cannot be measured whereas a variable can be measured by crude/refined or
    subjective/objective units of measurement.
    4. Concepts are subjective impressions.
    5. It is important for the concepts to be converted into variables.
    6. Examples of concepts like, effectiveness, satisfaction, Impact, Excellent.
    7. Examples of variables like, gender, age, religion, weight.
    )Kumar,2011(
    Converting concepts into variables
    • If you are using a concept in your study, you need to consider its operationalisation – that is,
    how it will be measured. In most cases, to operationalise a concept you first need to go
    through the process of identifying indicators – a set of criteria reflective of the concept –
    which can then be converted into variables. Some concepts, such as ‘rich’ (in terms of
    wealth), can easily be converted into indicators and then variables.
    • Although the assets owned by an individual are indicators of his/her ‘richness’, they still
    belong to the category of concepts. You need to look further at the indicators of assets. For
    example, house, boat, car and investments are indicators of assets. Converting the value of
    each one into dollars will give the total value of the assets owned by a person. Then analyse
    the information on income and the total value of the assets to make a decision about whether
    the person should be classified as ‘rich’.
    )Kumar,2011(
    From the viewpoint of the unit of measurement :
    1. Categorical.
    2. Continuous.
    3. Qualitative.
    4. Quantitative.
    There are three types of categorical variables:
    a. constant variable
    b. dichotomous variable
    )Kumar,2011(
    c. polytomous variable

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