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    1 - Introduction To CNC

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    fani
    This document provides information about computer numerical controlled (CNC) machining. It discusses the differences between conventional and CNC machines, and explains that CNC requires viewing the machine from the perspectives of both a programmer and operator. It outlines important specifications to understand from the machine manual and describes absolute and incremental motion modes. The document also explains axis reference points, program structure using preparatory functions and miscellaneous words, common mistakes, and provides a simple example program.

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    1 - Introduction To CNC

    Uploaded by

    fani
    42 views21 pages
    This document provides information about computer numerical controlled (CNC) machining. It discusses the differences between conventional and CNC machines, and explains that CNC requires viewing the machine from the perspectives of both a programmer and operator. It outlines important specifications to understand from the machine manual and describes absolute and incremental motion modes. The document also explains axis reference points, program structure using preparatory functions and miscellaneous words, common mistakes, and provides a simple example program.

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    This document provides information about computer numerical controlled (CNC) machining. It discusses the differences between conventional and CNC machines, and explains that CNC requires viewing the machine from the perspectives of both a programmer and operator. It outlines important specifications to understand from the machine manual and describes absolute and incremental motion modes. The document also explains axis reference points, program structure using preparatory functions and miscellaneous words, common mistakes, and provides a simple example program.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    42 views21 pages

    1 - Introduction To CNC

    Uploaded by

    fani
    This document provides information about computer numerical controlled (CNC) machining. It discusses the differences between conventional and CNC machines, and explains that CNC requires viewing the machine from the perspectives of both a programmer and operator. It outlines important specifications to understand from the machine manual and describes absolute and incremental motion modes. The document also explains axis reference points, program structure using preparatory functions and miscellaneous words, common mistakes, and provides a simple example program.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Computer Numerical Controlled

    Machining
    Motion Control—The Heart Of CNC

    Conventional Machine

    CNC Machine
    Numerical Control Programming
     CNC user must be able to view the machine
    tool from two distinctly different
    perspectives
     First as a programmer.
     Secondly, when machining the component.
    A programmer needs to be
    comfortable with:
     the machine’s most basic components.
     the direction of the machine’s axes.
     any additional accessory equipment.
     and finally be aware of what programmable
    functions are included.
    From the machine tool manual
    you should find answers to:
     What is the machine’s maximum RPM?
     What is the spindle and drive axis motor
    horsepower?
     What is the maximum travel distance of
    each axis?
     How many tools can the machine hold?
     What is the machine’s rapid traverse rate?
     What is the machine’s fastest cutting speed?
    Machined Example
    Axis Reference Point
     Most machine tool builders make the
    reference position the extreme plus side of
    each axis.
     Note: always make sure that all the axes are
    set to zero (0,0,0) before you carry out any
    operation on any machine tool.
    Absolute Versus Incremental Motion

    In the absolute mode, the


    end points for all
    motions will be specified
    from the program zero
    point. Assign By G90

    In the incremental mode,


    end points for motions
    are specified from the
    tool's current position,
    not from program zero.
    Assign by G91
    Table movement from machine reference
    point.

    -ve Y table
    direction
    +ve X table
    direction
    Machine
    table ref.
    Pt 0,0
    It is more convenient to think of the tool moving
    around the component, than thinking of the table
    direction when writing programs.

    C D

    B A

    Machine
    To move tool from A to B table needs to move
    in the –ve X direction, from B to C the table table ref.
    moves in the Y +ve direction, and to move Pt 0,0
    from C to D the table moves in the +ve
    direction.
    Vice position with respect to
    machine’s set datum
    Controller Reference Setting
    Program Writing
    What we need to know:
     Where the tool starts from.
     Where the tool moves to.
     The tool path.
     How it gets there.
     When the machine needs to start and stop.
     When coolant is turned on or off.
     What tools are available.
     How is the workpiece held.
    Program Makeup
    Programs are made up of commands
    and commands are made up of words
    or Leter
    O - Program number (Used for program identification)
    N - Sequence number (Used for line identification)
    G - Preparatory function (See below)
    X - X-axis designation
    Y - Y-axis designation
    Z - Z-axis designation
    R - Radius designation
    F - Feedrate designation The preparatory function (G)
    S - Spindle speed designation
    H - Tool length offset designation
    specifies is commonly used to
    D - Tool radius offset designation set modes.
    T - Tool Designation
    M - Miscellaneous function

    Miscellaneous functions (M
    words) allow a variety of
    special functions.
    Tool Setting
    Common Mistakes
     Spindle not on before cutting.
     Coolant not turned on during machining.
     Toolpaths out of order. Eg. holes were
    tapped before they were drilled.
     Incorrect tool installation.
     Improper feed and speed entered.
     Start program in wrong place.
    Simple Program Example 1

    34

    45
    29

    Start and end


    50
    Program start
     N10 G40 G49 G90; Safe line
     N20 M06 T10 ; tool change sequence
     N30 G43 H10; tool length offset

     N40 G00 X410.0 Y-192.0 Z-340.0;


    work ref. Pt.
     N50 M03 S2000; turn spindle on

     Typical start to NC program ie. Set the


    machine parameters.
    Tool path
     N60 G91 G00 Z-4.0;
    incremental
     N70 G01 Z-9.0 F100;
     N80 Y45.0;
     N90 X50.0;
     N100 Y-45.0;
     N110 X-50.0;
     N120 G00 Z15.0; clear workpiece
    Typical end of program.
     N130 MO5; stop spindle
     N140 G28 X0 Y0 Z0; return to machine ref. pt.
     N150 M30; end program

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