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    02 - 7.1 (Cont'd) Equilibrium Law

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    刘奇
    This document summarizes key concepts about chemical equilibrium and the equilibrium constant Keq. It defines Keq as a dimensionless constant that depends on temperature and describes how to write equilibrium expressions using reaction coefficients. Examples are given for calculating Keq from initial and equilibrium concentrations and predicting the direction of reaction based on whether Keq is greater than or less than 1. The document also distinguishes between homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria and discusses how the magnitude of Keq indicates which side of the reaction is favored. Homework problems are assigned.

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    02 - 7.1 (Cont'd) Equilibrium Law

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    刘奇
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    This document summarizes key concepts about chemical equilibrium and the equilibrium constant Keq. It defines Keq as a dimensionless constant that depends on temperature and describes how to write equilibrium expressions using reaction coefficients. Examples are given for calculating Keq from initial and equilibrium concentrations and predicting the direction of reaction based on whether Keq is greater than or less than 1. The document also distinguishes between homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria and discusses how the magnitude of Keq indicates which side of the reaction is favored. Homework problems are assigned.

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    02- 7.1 (cont'd) Equilibrium Law

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    This document summarizes key concepts about chemical equilibrium and the equilibrium constant Keq. It defines Keq as a dimensionless constant that depends on temperature and describes how to write equilibrium expressions using reaction coefficients. Examples are given for calculating Keq from initial and equilibrium concentrations and predicting the direction of reaction based on whether Keq is greater than or less than 1. The document also distinguishes between homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria and discusses how the magnitude of Keq indicates which side of the reaction is favored. Homework problems are assigned.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views12 pages

    02 - 7.1 (Cont'd) Equilibrium Law

    Uploaded by

    刘奇
    This document summarizes key concepts about chemical equilibrium and the equilibrium constant Keq. It defines Keq as a dimensionless constant that depends on temperature and describes how to write equilibrium expressions using reaction coefficients. Examples are given for calculating Keq from initial and equilibrium concentrations and predicting the direction of reaction based on whether Keq is greater than or less than 1. The document also distinguishes between homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria and discusses how the magnitude of Keq indicates which side of the reaction is favored. Homework problems are assigned.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    Unit 4 – Chemical Systems and

    Equilibrium

    7.1 (Cont’d)- Equilibrium Law


    in Chemical Reactions
    The Equilibrium Constant
    For a chemical equilibrium of the type:
    aA + bB ↔ cC + dD
    The value for Keq is given by:

    • The constant is dimensionless and its value changes with the


    temperature of the system.
    • Equilibrium expressions are always written with the products as
    the numerator and the reactants as the denominator. The
    exponents in the expression are the same as the coefficients in the
    balanced chemical equation.
    • It is used to predict the amounts of reactants and products at
    equilibrium, given the amounts of starting materials.
    TRY:
    Write the equilibrium expression for the following
    reaction.
    N2(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ 2NH3(g)
    RULES: Writing Equilibrium Expressions for
    Equilibrium Reactions
    Solids NEVER appear in equilibrium expressions.
    S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)

    Liquids and solvents NEVER appear in equilibrium


    expressions.
    NH3(aq) + H2O(l) → NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)

    The concentration of a pure solid/liquid is unchangeable.


    Therefore they are CONSTANT.
    What’s wrong with these examples?
    1) C2H4(g) + H2O(g) ↔ C2H5OH(g)

    2) AgNO3(aq) + HCl(aq) ↔ AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq)

    3) H2(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2H2O (g)


    Calculating Keq, given Equilibrium Concentrations
    2 NOCl(g) → 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)
    Place 2.00 mol of NOCl is a 1.00 L flask. At equilibrium
    you find 0.66 mol/L of NO. Calculate Keq.
    Solution
    Set of an ICE table of concentrations
    2NOCl →
    2NO + Cl2
    Initial conc. (mol/L) 2.00 0
    0
    Change in conc. (mol/L)
    Equilibrium conc. (mol/L)
    Example (cont’d)
    • Calculate Keq using the equilibrium concentrations

    NOTE: the equilibrium constant for the forward and


    reverse reactions are reciprocal values.
    → K’ represents the equilibrium constant for the
    reverse process.
    Based on the previous example, predict the
    equilibrium constant for the formation of NOCl from
    NO and Cl2.
    2NO (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2NOCl (g)
    Solution:
    2 NOCl(g) → 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)
    ∴ Keq < 1
    - formation of REACTANT (NOCl) is favoured

    2NO (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2NOCl (g)


    ∴ Keq > 1
    - formation of PRODUCT (NOCl) is favoured
    Homogeneous/Heterogeneous Equilibria
    • Homogeneous equilibria: all the reactants and products
    are in the same phase.
    • Heterogeneous equilibria: more than one phase exists
    in a reaction mixture

    • Remember that solids, liquids (and solvents) DON’T


    appear in equilibrium expressions
    • Example: Write the equilibrium law for the dissociation
    of NaOH(s) in water.
    NaOH(s) ↔ Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
    The Magnitude of Keq
    • When Keq is very large (K>>1), the equilibrium lies
    very much to the right; products are favored.
    • If Keq is very small (K<<1), the equilibrium lies very
    much to the left; reactants are favored.
    • When Keq is neither very large nor very small (K ≅ 1),
    neither reactants, nor products are favoured at
    equilibrium.
    Homework

    •Worksheet, “The Equilibrium


    Constant”; # 1 - 5
    •pg 430 #11, 15, 16
    •Worksheet, “The Equilibrium Constant
    Expression”

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