C-ARRAYS

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ARRAYS
 An array is a collection of elements of the same type that
are referenced by a common name.

 Compared to the basic data type (int, float) it is an

aggregate or derived data type.

 All the elements of an array occupy a set of

contiguous memory locations.

 Why need to use array type?

 Consider the following issue:

 "We have a list of 1000 students' marks of an

integer type. If using the basic data type
(int), we will declare something like the
following…"

 int studMark0, studMark1, ...studMark999

 Can you imagine how long we have to
write the declaration part by using
normal variable declaration?

int main(void)
{
int studMark1, studMark2, studMark3,
studMark4, …, …, studMark998, stuMark999,
studMark1000;
…
…
return 0;
}
 By using an array, we just declare like this,

 int studMark[1000];
 Datatype name[size];
 This will reserve 1000 contiguous memory locations for
storing the students’ marks.
//Arrayname[index]; --0
 Graphically, this can be depicted as in the following
figure.
 This absolutely has simplified our declaration of the
variables.

 We can use index or subscript to identify each

element or location in the memory.

 Hence, if we have in the array of studMark.

an index of j, studMark[j] would refer to
the jth element

 For example, studMark[0] will refer to the

first element of the array.

 Thus by changing the value of j, we could refer to

any element in the array.

 So, array has simplified our declaration and of

course, manipulation of the data.
 A single or one dimensional array declaration
has the following form,

 array_element_data_type
array_name[array_
size];

 Here, array_element_data_type defines the base

type of the array, which is the type of each
element in the array.
 array_name is any valid C identifier name that
obeys the same rule for the identifier naming.
 array_size defines how many elements the
array
 For example, to declare an array of 30
characters, that construct a people
name, we could declare,

 char cName[30];
 Which can be depicted as follows,

 In this statement, the array character

can store up to 30 characters with
the first character occupying location
cName[0] and the last character
occupying cName[29].

 Note that the index runs from 0 to

29. In C, an index always starts
from 0 and ends with array's (size-1).

 So, take note the difference between the

array size and subscript/index terms.
 Examples of the one-dimensional array declarations,
 int xNum[20], yNum[50];
 float fPrice[10],fYield[10];
 char chLetter[70];
 The first example declares two arrays named xNum and
yNum of type int. Array xNum can store up to 20
integer numbers while yNum can store up to 50 numbers.

 The second line declares the array fPrice of type float.

It
can store up to 10 floating-point values.

 fYield is basic variable which shows array type can

be declared together with basic type provided the type
is similar.

 The third line declares the array chLetter of type char.

It can store a string up to 69 characters.

 Why 69 instead of 70? Remember, a string has a null

terminating character (\0) at the end, so we must reserve for
it.
ARRAY INITIALIZATION
 An array may be initialized at the time of declaration.

 Initialization of an array may take the following form,

 type array_name[size] =
{a_list_of_value};
 For example:
 int idNum[7] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
 float fFloatNum[5] = {5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.1};
 char chVowel[6] = {'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u',
'\0'};
 The first line declares an integer array idNum and it
immediately assigns the values 1, 2, 3, ..., 7 to idNum[0],
idNum[1], idNum[2],..., idNum[6] respectively.

 The second line assigns the values 5.6 to

fFloatNum[0], 5.7 to fFloatNum[1], and so on.

 Similarly the third line assigns the characters 'a' to chVowel[0],

'e' to chVowel[1], and so on. Note again, for characters we must
use the single apostrophe/quote (') to enclose them.
 Also, the last character in chVowel is NULL character ('\0').
 Initialization of an array of type char for holding strings
may take the following form,
 char array_name[size] =
"string_lateral_constant";

 For example, the array chVowel

in the previous example
could have been written more
compactly as follows,
 char chVowel[6] =
"aeiou";

 When the value assigned to a character array is a string

(which must be enclosed in double quotes), the
compiler automatically supplies the NULL character
but we still have to reserve one extra place for the
NULL.
 For unsized array (variable sized), we can declare as
follow,
 char chName[ ] = "Mr. Dracula";

 C compiler automatically creates an array which is

RETRIEVING ARRAY ELEMENTS
 If you want to retrieve specific element then then
you have to specify not only the array or
variable name but also the index number of
interest.
 For example:

 int Arr[]={1,3,5,6,8};

 printf(“%d\t%d\n”,Arr[1],Arr[2]);

 Output: 3 5

 Scanf(“%d”,&arr[0]); …> scanf(“%d”,&arr[i]);

 where i- 0 to 4 move
 Scanf(“%d”,&arr[1]);
ARRAY EXAMPLE
 Take 10 integer input from user and store then in an
array and find the sum of all numbers stored in array.

#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int i,sum=0,arr[10];
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
scanf(“%d”,&arr[i]);
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
sum+=arr[i];
printf(“Sum of
input integers is
%d\n”,sum);
return 0;
ASSIGNMENT
 Read from user ages of all students in class
(atleast 7) and save them in an array which can
store floating point and find average, minimum
and maximum age.
ASSIGNMENT

 Store marks obtained by students in an array.

Find if there is more than one student who scored
same marks. Assume minimum marks obtained
is 30 and maximum marks obtained is 85.
#include<stdio.h>

int main(){
int i,j,x,arr[10];

printf("Enter 10 integer number\n");

for(i=0;i<10;i++){
scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
}

for(i=0;i<9;i++){
x=arr[i];
for(j=i+1;j<10;j++){
if(x==arr[j])
printf("%
d
number
appeared
more
than
once\
What is the output of the following code?

int array[3] = {1, 2, 3};

printf("%d", array[3]);
What is the output of the following code?
int array[3] = {1, 2, 3};
printf("%d", *array);
What is the output of the following code?

void print_array(int arr[]) {

int i;
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
}

int main() {
int arr[3] = {1, 2, 3};
print_array(arr);
return 0;
}
Arrange elements of an array on the
basis of n , such as elements less than n
will be towards left side and greater than
n will be at right side.
#include <stdio.h> else if (arr[j] >= n) {
j--;
void swap(int *a, int *b) { }
else {
int temp = *a; swap(&arr[i], &arr[j]);
*a = *b; }
*b = temp; }
} int main() {
int arr[] = {5, 1, 8, 3, 9, 4, 6, 2};
int n = 5;
void arrange_array(int arr[], int n, int int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
size) { arrange_array(arr, n, size);
int i, j; printf("Array after arranging: ");
for (i = 0, j = size - 1; i < j;) { for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
if (arr[i] < n) {
}
i++; return 0;
} }
• Write a C program to remove duplicate
elements from an array.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
printf("\nArray Before Removing
Duplicates: ");
{
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
int n, count = 0; printf("%d ", arr[i]);
printf("Enter number of elements in the array: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int arr[n], temp[n];
if(n==0)
{
printf("No element inside the array.");
exit(0);
}
printf("Enter elements in the array: ");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}
// To store unique elements in temp printf("\nArray After Removing Duplicates: ")
after removing the duplicate for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
elements
printf("%d ", temp[i]);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{ return 0;
int j; }
for (j = 0; j < count; j++)
{
if (arr[i] == temp[j])
break;
}
if (j == count)
{
temp[count] = arr[i];
count++;
}
}
Memory and arrays

• int myNumbers[4] = {25, 50, 75, 100};

// Get the memory address of the myNumbers array

printf("%p\n", myNumbers);

// Get the memory address of the first array element

printf("%p\n", &myNumbers[0]);
• int myNumbers[4] = {25, 50, 75, 100};

// Get the value of the first element in myNumbers

printf("%d", *myNumbers);

• int myNumbers[4] = {25, 50, 75, 100};

// Get the value of the second element in myNumbers

printf("%d\n", *(myNumbers + 1));

// Get the value of the third element in myNumbers

printf("%d", *(myNumbers + 2));
• int myNumbers[4] = {25, 50, 75, 100};
int *ptr = myNumbers;
int i;

for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

printf("%d\n", *(ptr + i));
}
• int myNumbers[4] = {25, 50, 75, 100};

// Change the value of the first element to 13

*myNumbers = 13;

// Change the value of the second element to 17

*(myNumbers +1) = 17;

// Get the value of the first element

printf("%d\n", *myNumbers);

// Get the value of the second element

printf("%d\n", *(myNumbers + 1));

• Output: 13 17
What is the output of the following code
snippet?
int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int *ptr = arr;
printf("%d", *(ptr+2));
What is the output of the following code
snippet?
int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int *ptr = &arr[3];
printf("%d", *ptr);
What is the output of the following code
snippet?
int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int *ptr = arr;
printf("%d", *ptr++);
printf("%d", *++ptr);
What is the output of the following code
snippet?
• int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
• int *ptr = arr+2;
• printf("%d", *(ptr-1));
Passing array in a function as pointer

void printArray(int * arr, int size)

{
int i;

printf("Array elements are: ");

for(i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
printf("%d, ", arr[i]);
}
}

int main()
{