ES Q2 Layers of The Earth

REVIEW
•WHAT ARE THE FOUR

SUBSYSTEM?
REVIEW
•WHAT DO YOU CALLED THE
STUDY OF EARTH OR THE SOLID
PART OF THE EARTH?
REVIEW
• WHAT DO YOU CALLED THE
PEOPLE WHO STUDY OF EARTH OR
THE SOLID PART OF THE EARTH?
LAYERS OF THE
EARTH
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
JOHN REY L. LAWIG
WHAT IF WE DIG AND DIG
AND DIG BELOW THE
GROUND?
WHAT WOULD WE
ENCOUNTER?
HAVE YOU EVER TRIED TO CUT
A HARD BOILED EGG IN HALF?
IF YOU WERE TO CUT EARTH,
HOW WILL YOU COMPARE THE
LAYER OF THE EARTH TO THE
EGG?
WHY EARTH HAS
DIFFERENT LAYERS?
OBJECTIVES
• IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT LAYERS OF
THE EARTH.
• DISCUSS THE PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT
LAYERS IN CREATIVE WAYS.
• APPRECIATE THE GOD CREATIONS.
THE EARTH IS DIVIDED INTO
FOUR MAIN LAYERS.
*CRUST
*MANTLE
*OUTER CORE
*INNER CORE
HOW THE
SCIENTIST
CLASSIFY THE
DIFFERENT
LAYERS OF THE
EARTH?
SCIENTISTS USE WAVES TO STUDY
THE DIFFERENT LAYERS OF THE
EARTH. USUALLY, THEY USE SEISMIC
WAVES, WHICH ARE WAVES
GENERATED BY EARTHQUAKES OR
NUCLEAR-TEST EXPLOSIONS. THE
SEISMIC WAVES ARE BENT, SPED UP,
OR SLOWED DOWN, OR EVEN
REFLECTED WHEN THEY PASS
THROUGH THE EARTH'S LAYERS.
CRUST
• THE EARTH’S CRUST IS THE OUTERMOST SURFACE.
• IT IS A VERY THIN LAYER OF SOLID ROCK. IT IS
THE THINNEST LAYER OF THE EARTH.
• THE CRUST IS 5-35KM THICK BENEATH THE LAND
AND 1-8KM THICK BENEATH THE OCEANS.
• THE CRUST OF THE EARTH IS BROKEN INTO MANY
PIECES CALLED PLATES. THE MOVEMENT OF THESE
PLATES CAUSES EARTHQUAKES.
WHAT ARE THE TWO
TYPES OF CRUST?
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CRUST THAT MAKE
UP THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH. THESE ARE
THE CONTINENTAL AND THE OCEANIC
CRUST.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENT
BETWEEN OCEANIC AND
CONTINENTAL?
Oceanic Crust Continental Crust
 Dark-colored  Light-colored
 Basaltic  Granitic
 More dense  Less dense
 Thin layer  Coarse-texture
 50 km  Thick layer
 40-70 km thick
THE LITHOSPHERE
• On your mantle layer, draw a dotted line
around the very edge of the circle. This is
the lithosphere.
• The lithosphere is composed of part of the
crust and the upper part of the mantle (the
top 100 km).
• It is composed of hard, brittle rock
ATHENOSPHERE
• THE ATHENOSPHERE IS THE PART OF THE
MANTLE UNDERNEATH THE LITHOSPHERE. DRAW
A DASHED LINE ABOUT AN INCH UNDER YOUR
DOTTED LINE.
• IT IS MADE OF MOLTEN ROCK AND METAL SO
THAT IT “FLOWS” LIKE HOT ASPHALT.
• THE ATHENOSPHERE IS THE PART OF THE
MANTLE THAT MOVES AND CAUSES THE
TECTONIC PLATES OF THE CRUST TO MOVE AS
WELL.
WHICH LAYER HAS A THICK
LAYER?
MANTLE: LOWER AND UPPER
• MANTLE IS THE LARGEST PART OF THE
EARTH. IT IS SUBDIVIDED INTO LOWER
AND UPPER MANTLE. IT IS MADE UP OF
MOLTEN ROCKS CALLED MAGMA.
• THE MANTLE HAS A TOTAL THICKNESS
OF 2900 KM.
• THE MANTLE IS THE LARGEST LAYER OF THE
EARTH. IT IS 2900KM THICK.
• IT INCLUDES THE LITHOSPHERE AND
ATHENOSPHERE.
• IT IS RELATIVELY FLEXIBLE—IT FLOWS LIKE VERY
VISCOUS LIQUID.
• IT IS VERY HOT—1600°F AT THE TOP AND 4000°F
TOWARDS THE CENTER OF THE EARTH.
• GUTENBERG DISCONTINUITY IS DETECTED
BETWEEN EARTH’S LOWER MANTLE AND THE
OUTER CORE. IT IS 2240 KM THICK.
• THE UPPER BOUNDARY THAT SEPARATES THE
UPPER MANTLE FROM EARTH’S IS CALLED
MOHOROVIČIĆ (MOHO) DISCONTINUITY AS
NOTED BY ANDRIJA MOHOROVIČIC.
CORE: INNER AND OUTER
• INFORMATION ABOUT EARTH’S CORE IS FROM
SEISMIC INFORMATION AND COMPUTER
MODELS.
• INGE LEHMANN (1936, DANISH SEISMOLOGIST),
DISCOVERED THAT EARTH HAS A SOLID INNER
CORE. IT CONSISTS MAINLY OF IRON-NICKEL
ALLOY AND IS MAGNETIC.
• THE CORE OF THE EARTH IS LIKE A BALL OF
VERY HOT METALS. THE CORE IS DIVIDED
INTO 2 LAYERS—OUTER AND INNER.
• THE CORE IS SO HOT AND HAS SO MUCH

PRESSURE THAT IF YOU WERE TO GO THERE
—YOU WOULD BE SQUISHED INTO
SOMETHING EVEN SMALLER THAN A
MARBLE.
• IT HAS A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 6000◦C
(ALMOST AS HOT AS THE SURFACE OF THE
SUN).
• THE OUTER IS ALSO MADE UP OF IRON AND

NICKEL. IT IS APPROXIMATELY 2300 KM THICK.
ITS TEMPERATURE RANGES BETWEEN 4000◦C
• UNLIKE THE INNER CORE, OUTER CORE IS
LIQUID. THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN INNER AND
OUTER CORE IS CALLED LEHMANN
DISCONTINUITY.
• THE OUTER CORE IS LIQUID METAL IRON AND
NICKEL WITH 10% SULFUR AND/OR OXYGEN.
• IT IS VERY HOT—4000-9000°F.
• THE OUTER CORE IS 2,250KM THICK.
• THE INNER CORE IS SOLID METAL DUE TO THE
EXTREME HEAT AND PRESSURE.
• IT IS COMPOSED OF IRON AND NICKEL. IT IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAGNETIC FIELD THE
EARTH GENERATES.
• THE INNER CORE IS 800KM THICK AND IS 9000°F.
WHY THE INNER CORE HAS
SOLID MATERIALS?
ACTIVITY
• SHOW WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED IN
CREATIVE WAY.
G1 – LAYER OF THE EARTH MODEL
G2 – BROADCASTING
G3 - INFOGRAPHICS
CAN HUMAN GO TO THE
INNER CORE OF THE
EARTH?
HOW DEEP CAN HUMAN
CAN GO UNDER THE EARTH
SURFACE?
DID YOU BELIEVE THAT
EARTH INTERIOR IS MADE
UP OF SOLID, LIQUID OR
GAS?
WHY OTHER SCIENTIST BELIEVES
THAT THERE IS NEW WORLD
UNDERNEATH THE EARTH?
ASSESSMENT
•WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT
BETWEEN CRUST, MANTLE AND
CORE?
•WRITE IT ON A TABLE.
Crust Mantle Core

ES Q2 Layers of The Earth

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REVIEW

•WHAT ARE THE FOUR

• THE CORE IS SO HOT AND HAS SO MUCH

• THE OUTER IS ALSO MADE UP OF IRON AND

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