MODULE 6 : IT

CULTURE AND THE

SOCIETY
GROUP : Trojan Horse alyas Virus
 Overview
Technology is changing every aspect of our lives. The
benefits provided by new digital approaches
are having a huge impact on our societies. However,
one of the greatest business challenges is not about the
devices, software or solutions – it is about how we
manage the process of cultural change and its effect to
our society. In this module we will learn what are the
different technological
advancements and future trends in technology that
could potentially change and shaped the way we
live our lives.
Lesson 1: Internet of Things

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept that has the potential to have a
significant impact on our lives and work. It is composed of lightbulbs,
refrigerators, coffee makers, microwave ovens, baby monitors, security
cameras, speakers, televisions, and thermostats, which are embedded with
sensors to turn physical information into digital data. Collectively, these
devices make up the IoT and there are billions of them around the world.

The internet of things is a growing phenomenon that connects anything

with network connectivity, from security cameras and speakers to smart
watches and denim jackets. It liberates us from our chores, gives us back
some of our time, and adds novelty to ordinary experiences. However, the
real promise of the internet of things is making our physical surroundings
accessible to digital computers, putting sensors on everything in the world
and translating it into a digital format. Internet-connected objects could be
the key to unlocking predictions about consumer behavior and climate
events, but they could also invite hackers into personal spaces and leak
intimate data.
 IoT (Internet of Things) is an IoT ecosystem of
How Iot Works web-enabled smart devices that use embedded
systems to collect, send and analyze data. These
devices share the sensor data they collect by
connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge
device, and communicate with other related
devices. They do most of the work without
human intervention, although people can
interact with them. The connectivity,
networking and communication protocols used

Internet of
with these devices depend on the specific IoT
applications deployed, and can also use AI and

Things
machine learning to make data collecting easier
and more dynamic.
 Why Iot is Important
IoT (Internet of Things) is an essential
technology for businesses to provide a real-
time look into how their systems work,
enabling companies to automate processes
and reduce labor costs. It also helps reduce
waste and improve service delivery, making it
less expensive to manufacture and deliver
goods, and offering transparency into
customer transactions. IoT is one of the most
important technologies of everyday life and
will continue to pick up steam as more
businesses realize the potential of connected
devices.
The new rule for the future is that anything that can be connected
will be connected. This could mean that a car could have access
to a calendar and know the best route to take, an alarm clock
could wake up at 6 a.m. and start brewing coffee, office equipment
could know when it was running low on supplies and automatically
re-order more, and wearable devices could tell us when and where
we were most active and productive. On a broader scale, the IoT
can be applied to things like transportation networks, "smart cities"
which can help us reduce waste and improve efficiency for things
such as energy use. The reality is that the IoT allows for virtually
endless opportunities and connections to take place, many of
which we can't even fully understand the impact of today.

How Does Iot Impact You

 Iot Through the Years
John Romkey creates the first IoT device:
a toaster that he controls with his
computer
1990 2010
Tony Fadell founds Nest, maker of the
smart thermostat

Kevin Ashton coins the term “internet Oxford Dictionary adds the
of things” to describe the eyes and ears
of a computer 1999 2013 term “internet of things”

Amazon introduces the Echo speaker,

along with the Alexa voice assistant—a
LG introduces its first connected 2000 2014 new way to SCIENCES control the smart
refrigerator with a $20,000 pricetag home

The world’s first IoT conference is held

in Zurich, Switzerland 2008 2016 The Mirai botnet infects over 600,000
IoT devices with malware

The number of internet-connected

2020 devices, by some estimates, exceeds
20 billion
 Iot Through the Years
The first internet-connected “thing” to make use of this new protocol was a toaster. It would still be a decade
before anyone used the phrase “internet of things,” but Romkey`s magic little toaster showed what a world
of internet-connected things might be like. Ashton, who was then working in supply chain optimization,
described a system where sensors acted like the eyes and ears of a computer—an entirely new way for
computers to see, hear, touch, and interpret their surroundings. Companies began to introduce more and
more of these inventions: “smart” coffee makers to brew the perfect cup, ovens that bake cookies with
precision timing, and refrigerators that automatically restocked expired milk. The first of these, LG`s
internet-connected refrigerator, hit the market in 2000. As sensors became cheaper, these internet-connected
devices became more affordable for more consumers. These sensors could be anything that collects data, like
a camera inside a smart refrigerator or an accelerometer that tracks speed in a smart running shoe. To make
sense of this data, the device has some kind of network connectivity (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular, or satellite)
and a processor where it can be stored and analyzed. From there, the data can be used to trigger an action—
like ordering more milk when the carton in the smart refrigerator runs out, or adjusting the temperature
automatically given a set of rules. front door, or change the temperature inside the house, all with a few taps
on a smartphone.
 Most people didn`t start building an ecosystem of “smart” devices in their homes until the mass adoption of voice
controls. In 2014, Amazon introduced the Echo, a speaker with a helpful voice assistant named Alexa built in. Apple
had introduced Siri, its own voice assistant, four years prior— but Siri lived on your phone, while Alexa lived
inside the speaker and could control all of the “smart” devices in your house. Positioning a voice assistant as the
centerpiece of the smart home had several effects: It demystified the internet of things for consumers, encouraged
them to buy more internet-enabled gadgets, and encouraged developers to create more “skills,” or IoT commands,
for these voice assistants to learn The same year that Amazon debuted Alexa, Apple came out with HomeKit, a
system designed to facilitate interactions between Apple-made smart devices, sending data back and forth to create
a network. These unifying voices have shifted the landscape away from singleSCIENCES -purpose automations and
toward a more holistic system of connected things. By 2014, the number of internet-connected devices would
surpass the number of people in the world. Today, there are over 20 billion connected things in the world, according
to estimates from Gartner. All of these objects, brought to life like Pinocchio, have made the world easier to control:
You can let the delivery man in the
 Iot Benefits organization
The internet of things offers several benefits to organizations. Some benefits are industry-specific, and
some are applicable across multiple industries. Some of the common benefits of IoT enable businesses
to:

• monitor their overall business processes;

• improve the customer experience;
• save time and money;
• enhance employee productivity;
• integrate and adapt business models;
• make better business decisions; and
• generate more revenue.

IoT encourages companies to rethink the ways they approach their businesses and gives them the tools
to improve their business strategies.
Generally, IoT is most abundant in manufacturing, transportation and utility organizations,
making use of sensors and other IoT devices; however, it has also found use cases for
organizations within the agriculture, infrastructure and home automation industries, leading
some organizations toward digital transformation.

IoT can benefit farmers in agriculture by making their job easier. Sensors can collect data on
rainfall, humidity, temperature and soil content, as well as other factors, that would help
automate farming techniques.
The ability to monitor operations surrounding infrastructure is also a factor that IoT can help
with.
Sensors, for example, could be used to monitor events or changes within structural
buildings, bridges and other infrastructure. This brings benefits with it, such as cost saving,
saved time, quality-of-life workflow changes and paperless workflow.
A home automation business can utilize IoT to monitor and manipulate mechanical and
electrical systems in a building. On a broader scale, smart cities can help citizens reduce
waste and energy consumption.
IoT touches every industry, including businesses within healthcare, finance, retail and
manufacturing.
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SECURE ACCESSIBLE FAST AND RELIABLE

Mercury is the closest planet Despite being red, Mars is a Neptune is the farthest planet
to the Sun cold place, not hot from the Sun
Pros and cons of IoT

Advantages of IoT

- ability to access information from anywhere at any time on any device;

- improved communication between connected electronic devices;
- transferring data packets over a connected network saving time and money; and
- automating tasks helping to improve the quality of a business's services and reducing the need for
human intervention.

Disadvantages of IoT

-As the number of connected devices increases and more information is shared between devices, the
potential that a hacker could steal confidential information also increases.
- Enterprises may eventually have to deal with massive numbers -- maybe even millions -- of IoT devices,
and collecting and managing the data from all those devices will be challenging.
- If there's a bug in the system, it's likely that every connected device will become corrupted.
- Since there's no international standard of compatibility for IoT, it's difficult for devices from different
manufacturers to communicate with each other.
 Consumer and Enterprise IoT Application
IoT applications span numerous verticals, including automotive, telecom and
energy. In the consumer segment, for example, smart homes that are equipped
with smart thermostats, smart appliances and connected heating, lighting and
electronic devices can be controlled remotely via computers and smartphones.
Smart buildings can, for instance, reduce energy costs using sensors that detect
how many occupants are in a room. The temperature can adjust automatically --
for example, turning the air conditioner on if sensors detect a conference room
is full or turning the heat down if everyone in the office has gone home. In
agriculture, IoT-based smart farming systems can help monitor, for instance,
light, temperature, humidity and soil moisture of crop fields using connected
sensors. In aSCIENCES smart city, IoT sensors and deployments, such as
smart streetlights and smart meters, can help alleviate traffic, conserve energy,
monitor and address environmental concerns, and improve sanitation.
 IoT security and privacy issues
Now that people have their speakers, television sets, refrigerators, alarm clocks, toothbrushes, light bulbs, doorbells, baby
monitors, and security cameras connected to the Wi-Fi, nearly every device in the house can be compromised, or rendered
useless. Many of these devices also run on proprietary software—meaning, if their manufacturer goes bunk, gets sold, or stops
issuing software updates, your clever little gadget becomes a useless hunk of plastic. Risk of bricking aside, connecting things to
the internet also leaves those objects, and everything else on your Wi-Fi network, more vulnerable to hackers. In 2016, malware
called Mirai exploited these kinds of vulnerabilities in over 600,000 IoT devices to create a massive distributed denial of service
(DDoS) attack. The following year, an attack called Krack infected nearly every internet-connected device connected to Wi-Fi.
The attack was crippling and difficult to defend against, in part because the internet of things runs on so many disparate
operating systems. But things like routers or internet-connected doorbells don’t usually receive softSCIENCES ware updates
needed to protect against vulnerabilities, and many of them weren’t built with the same kind of security protocols as computers.
After the Krack attack, one security researcher predicted that we would stitll “find vulnerable devices 20 years from now.” In a
recent study, researchers found that 72 of the 81 IoT devices they surveyed had shared data with a third party unrelated to the
original manufacturer. An ever-expanding internet of things doesn’t just have consequences for personal privacy. Because IoT
devices are closely connected, all a hacker has to do is exploit one vulnerability to manipulate all the data, rendering it unusable.
Manufacturers that don't update their devices regularly -- or at all -- leave them vulnerable to cybercriminals. Additionally,
connected devices often ask users to input their personal information, including names, ages, addresses, phone numbers and
even social media accounts -- information that's invaluable to hackers. Hackers aren't the only threat to the internet of things;
privacy is another major concern for IoT users. For instance, companies that make and distribute consumer IoT devices could
use those devices to obtain and sell users' personal data. Beyond leaking personal data, IoT poses a risk to critical infrastructure,
including electricity, transportation and financial services.
 The Future of the Internet of Things

Your clothes might come with connected sensors, too, so that the things around you can respond to
your movements in real time.
That’s already starting to happen: In 2017, Google SCIENCES announced Project Jacquard, an effort to
create the connected wardrobe of the future.
Smart hospital rooms will have sensors to ensure that doctors wash their hands, and airborne sensors
will help cities predict mudslides and other natural disasters.
Autonomous vehicles will connect to the internet and drive along roads studded with sensors, and
governments will manage the demands on their energy grids by tracking household energy consumption
through the internet of things.
The growth of the internet of things could also lead to new kinds of cyber warfare; imagine a bad actor
disabling every smart thermostat in the dead of winter, or hacking into internet-connected pacemakers
and insulin pumps.
There are also ideas for creating a better standard for IoT devices, and plans to help them get along
with each other, regardless of which company makes them or which voice assistant lives inside.
Lesson 2: Current Trends and Emerging Technologies

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Despite being red, Venus has a beautiful Mercury is the closest

Mars is a cold place, name and is the second planet to the Sun and
not hot. It’s full of iron planet from the Sun the smallest in our
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Neptune is the fourth-
POSITIONING largest planet in our Solar
Venus has a beautiful System
USABILITY name and is the second
planet from the Sun
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place, not hot. It’s
full of iron oxide dust
 PROJECT STAGES
STEP 2

Venus has a beautiful name

and is the second planet
from the Sun

STEP 1

Despite being red, Mars is STEP 3

a cold place, not hot. It’s
full of iron oxide dust Saturn is a gas giant,
composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
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Mercury is the closest

planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in our Solar
System
MARS

VENUS

Despite being red, Mars is Venus has a beautiful

a cold place, not hot. It’s name and is the second
full of iron oxide dust MERCURY planet from the Sun
THE TEAM

JENNA DOE
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JOHN DOE
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 CREDITS

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