AutoCAD ppt-5 AutoCAD Three-Dimensional Drawing

ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
AUTOCAD THREE-
DIMENSIONAL
DRAWING
JEMAL S.
CONTENT
 3d AutoCAD advantages
 3D AutoCAD UCS
 3D Modeling basics
 Construction solid modeling Techniques
3D AUTOCAD (ADVANTAGES OF 3D MODELS)
 With 3D modeling, you can create solid, wireframe, and mesh
models of your design.
 Modeling in 3D has several advantages. You can
 View the model from any vantage point

 Generate reliable standard and auxiliary 2D
views automatically
 Create sections and 2D drawings
 Remove hidden lines and do realistic shading
 Check interferences
 Add lighting
 Create realistic renderings
 Navigate through the model
 Use the model to create an animation
 Perform engineering analysis
 Extract manufacturing data
UNDERSTAND THE USER COORDINATE
SYSTEM IN 3D
Important operations on objects in a 3D environment that depend on the
location and orientation of the UCS include the following:
 Establish the workplane in on which to create and modify objects

 Establish the workplane that contains the grid display and grid
snap
 Establish a new UCS Z axis about which to rotate objects in 3D
 Determine up and down directions as well as horizontal and
vertical for Ortho mode, polar tracking, and object snap tracking
3D MODELING BASICS
Wireframe models
Surface models
Solid models
Mesh models
5
WIREFRAME MODEL
 Represents edge of actual object
 Surfaces of object are not defined
 Transparency and no volume
 2D objects in 3D space
 Use Line, Circle, Arc
 this type of modeling can be the
most time-consuming.
SURFACE MODEL
 Edges and surfaces are defined
 Object has volume but no mass
 Each surface is constructed

individually
 Surfaces models are created by using

sweeping, lofting, or revolving 2D
lines or arcs
 is more sophisticated than wireframe
modeling
 Easier to visualize than wireframe
 Can be displayed in wireframe or

hidden view
  Draw / Surfaces…
 Command: 3DFACE
SOLID MODEL
 Solid modeling is the easiest type of
3D modeling to use and
 A complete computerized replica of

the actual object
 Complete surfaces, edges, interior

features of the object
 have properties of volume and mass,

center of gravity, and moments-of-
inertia
 Can be displayed in wireframe or

hidden view  You can easily create 3D
primitives such as boxes,
 Constructing primitive shapes cones, cylinders, and spheres or
(objects) by creating basic 3D shapes: create 3D models from
boxes, cones, cylinders, spheres,
sweeping, lofting, or extruding
wedges, and tori (donuts).
2D closed objects or profiles
 Using Boolean operations to create
composite solid
MESH MODELS
 Consists of vertices, edges, and faces
that use triangles and quads to define
the 3D shape
 Meshes have to mass properties
 Meshes allow greater ability to

manipulate and deform surfaces
 You can covert meshes into solid

models
 You can also use meshes to create

geometry with unusual mesh patterns,
such as a 3D topographical model of
mountainous terrain.
CONSTRUCTIVE SOLID GEOMETRY (CSG) TECHNIQUES
Primitive Solids Boolean Operations

 Draw / Solids…  Modify / Solid Editing …
Box Union
Cone  Joins selected solids
Cylinder Subtract
Extrude  Subtract one set of solids from
another
Revolve Intersect
Sphere  Create a solid of intersection
Torus (common volume) from the
selected solids
Wedge
3D AUTOCAD (VISUAL STYLES)
 Group of settings that control edges
and shading in the viewport
 Opens and docks on left of screen
 There are five default styles:
 2D Wireframe- NOT use full in 3D
 3D Hidden- Hides back faces
 3D Wireframe- XYZ planes shaded
 Conceptual-Smoothes polygons and

uses warm colors to contrast faces
 Realistic- Shades faces and applies

any preselected materials (i.e., brick)
3D AUTOCAD (CREATING 3D OBJECTS)
With “Dynamic Input”
3D Primitives
turned on you can
right-click and select
different options that
allow you to change the
angle of the primitive
3D AUTOCAD (CREATING 3D OBJECTS)
Extrude Commands A closed polyline will
An open polyline will
create a 3D Solid
create a surface
Model
model
3D AUTOCAD (CONVERT 2D LINE SEGMENTS INTO 3D
MODELS)
NOTE: In order for 2D

lines and/or arcs to be
extruded into a solid 3D
model you must use the
“Edit Polyline
Command (PEDIT)”
to convert the separate
line segments into one
closed polyline.
Or
Convert using Region
command
3D AUTOCAD (EXTRUDE OPTIONS)
Direction
Specifies the length and
direction of the
extrusion with two
points you specify. (The
direction cannot be
parallel to the plane of
the sweep curve
created by the
extrusion.)
Start point of direction.
Specifies the first point
in the direction vector.
End point of direction.
Specifies the second
point in the direction
vector.
Path
Specifies the extrusion
path based on an object
that you select. The
path is moved to the
centroid of the profile.
Then the profile of the
selected object is
extruded along the
chosen path to create
solids or surfaces.
The path should not lie
on the same plane as
the object, nor should
the path have areas of
high curvature.
Taper Angle
Sets an angle of taper for an extrusion.
Positive angles taper in from the base
object. Negative angles taper out. The
default angle, 0, extrudes a 2D object
perpendicular to its 2D plane. All selected
objects and loops are tapered to the
same value.
Specifying a large taper angle or a long
extrusion height can cause the object or
portions of the object to taper to a point
before reaching the extrusion height.
Individual loops of a region are always
extruded to the same height.
When an arc is part of a tapered
extrusion, the angle of the arc remains
constant, and the radius of the arc
changes.
3D AUTOCAD (REVOLVE TOOL)
Revolve Tool
You can revolve closed Solid
objects to create 3D solid
models and open objects to
create surface models.
Gap
creates
Objects can be revolved 360
hole
degrees or another specified
angle.
You can revolve more than Gap Surface

one object.
Axis
3D AUTOCAD (LOFT TOOL)
Loft Tool
Create a 3D solid or surface
by lofting a profile through a
set of two or more cross-
section profiles.
The cross-section profiles

define the shape of the
Profile
resulting solid or surface
s
object. You must specify at
least two cross-section
profiles.
The cross sections that you

use when lofting must be all
open or all closed. You cannot
use a selection set that
includes both open and closed
curves.
3D AUTOCAD (SWEEP TOOL)
Sweep Tool
Create a new solid or surface by
sweeping a planar curve (profile)
along a path.
The SWEEP command draws a
solid or surface object by Path
extending a profile shape (the Profile
swept object) along a specified
path. When you sweep a profile
along a path, the profile is
moved and aligned normal
(perpendicular) to the path.
If you sweep a closed curve
along a path, the result is a
solid. If you sweep an open
curve along a path, the result is
a surface.
CAD ASSIGNMENT
Guidelines and Minimum Requirements
Section 1: Part Design
Each student has to select and design an applicable part that satisfies the following conditions:
- The part must serve a least one practical purpose.
- The part must be a single solid object
- The overall dimension must not exceed W20cm xL20cm x H20cm
- The part should have at least one curve surface
- The part should have at least one hole (e.g., cylinder hole, rectangular hole, cone)
- At least one corner of the part must be rounded with indicated dimensions.
- The part should have one island
- All dimensions have to be indicated in either isometric view or in several 2 dimensional views.
21

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ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

 View the model from any vantage point

 Establish the workplane in on which to create and modify objects

 Object has volume but no mass

 Each surface is constructed

 Surfaces models are created by using

 Can be displayed in wireframe or

 A complete computerized replica of

 Complete surfaces, edges, interior

 have properties of volume and mass,

 Can be displayed in wireframe or

 Meshes have to mass properties

 Meshes allow greater ability to

 You can covert meshes into solid

 You can also use meshes to create

Primitive Solids Boolean Operations

 Opens and docks on left of screen

 There are five default styles:

 2D Wireframe- NOT use full in 3D

 3D Hidden- Hides back faces

 3D Wireframe- XYZ planes shaded

 Conceptual-Smoothes polygons and

 Realistic- Shades faces and applies

NOTE: In order for 2D

You can revolve more than Gap Surface

The cross-section profiles

The cross sections that you

- The part must serve a least one practical purpose.

- The part must be a single solid object

- The overall dimension must not exceed W20cm xL20cm x H20cm

- The part should have at least one curve surface

- The part should have one island

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