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    Advancements in Diagnostic Tests For Food Alllergens

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    vspandey27
    The document discusses advancements in diagnostic tests for food allergens. It describes how food allergies cause immune reactions to certain foods and can result in symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening. The most common food allergens are outlined. Major allergens are defined as those that cause reactions in 50% of patients, while minor allergens may cause cross-reactivity. Diagnosis involves immunoassays like ELISA that detect antigen-specific IgE antibodies, as well as PCR techniques to identify allergenic proteins. These diagnostic tests are useful for detecting contamination and classifying allergens.

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    Advancements in Diagnostic Tests For Food Alllergens

    Uploaded by

    vspandey27
    6 views8 pages
    The document discusses advancements in diagnostic tests for food allergens. It describes how food allergies cause immune reactions to certain foods and can result in symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening. The most common food allergens are outlined. Major allergens are defined as those that cause reactions in 50% of patients, while minor allergens may cause cross-reactivity. Diagnosis involves immunoassays like ELISA that detect antigen-specific IgE antibodies, as well as PCR techniques to identify allergenic proteins. These diagnostic tests are useful for detecting contamination and classifying allergens.

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    Advancements in Diagnostic Tests for Food Alllergens

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    The document discusses advancements in diagnostic tests for food allergens. It describes how food allergies cause immune reactions to certain foods and can result in symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening. The most common food allergens are outlined. Major allergens are defined as those that cause reactions in 50% of patients, while minor allergens may cause cross-reactivity. Diagnosis involves immunoassays like ELISA that detect antigen-specific IgE antibodies, as well as PCR techniques to identify allergenic proteins. These diagnostic tests are useful for detecting contamination and classifying allergens.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views8 pages

    Advancements in Diagnostic Tests For Food Alllergens

    Uploaded by

    vspandey27
    The document discusses advancements in diagnostic tests for food allergens. It describes how food allergies cause immune reactions to certain foods and can result in symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening. The most common food allergens are outlined. Major allergens are defined as those that cause reactions in 50% of patients, while minor allergens may cause cross-reactivity. Diagnosis involves immunoassays like ELISA that detect antigen-specific IgE antibodies, as well as PCR techniques to identify allergenic proteins. These diagnostic tests are useful for detecting contamination and classifying allergens.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    ADVANCEMENTS IN

    DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR


    FOOD ALLLERGENS
    Prepared by:
    Vijay Shankar Pandey
    INTRODUCTION
    Food allergy is an immune system reaction that occurs
    soon after eating a certain food. Even a tiny amount of
    the allergy-causing food can trigger signs and
    symptoms such as digestive problems, hives or swollen
    airways. In some people, a food allergy can cause
    severe symptoms or even a life-threatening reaction
    known as anaphylaxis. Food-induced allergic reactions
    are responsible for a variety of symptoms involving the
    skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract and
    might be caused by IgE-mediated and non–IgE-
    mediated (cellular) mechanisms.

    2023 Diagnosis of food allergens 2


    Contd..
    • The foods most commonly involved in food allergy are cow's milk (CM), hen's egg (HE),
    peanuts, tree nuts, seeds, soy, wheat, fish, and crustaceans.
    • Clinical reactions to foodstuffs mostly involve the skin (eg, urticaria, flush, eczema),
    followed by gastrointestinal symptoms (eg, vomiting, diarrhea) and respiratory symptoms
    (eg, stridor, wheezing),
    • and they range from mild symptoms to anaphylaxis. Especially in peanut and tree nut
    allergy, severe reactions have been observed.

    2023 Diagnosis of food allergens 3


    ALLERGEN CLASSIFICATION
    a. Major allergens: Major allergens are generally defined as proteins for which 50% or more of the allergic
    patients studied have specific IgE.
    Examples of major allergens are
     Ara h 1 from peanuts
     ovalbumin, ovomucoid, and ovotransferrin from eggs
     and Pen a 1 from shrimp.
    b. Minor allergens: Minor allergens may be the result of experimental artifact or may contain similarities in
    structure to major allergens that allow for IgE binding, but do not have the conformation necessary to elicit
    histamine release.
    For example, research has shown that
     peanut-allergic patients possess IgE that can bind to proteins from many other legumes, resulting in
    positive skin test and RAST results.
     However, the clinical manifestations of such cross-reactivity are rare, as the patients are only documented
    to be allergic to peanut and perhaps one other leguminous food.

    2023 Diagnosis of food allergens 4


    DIAGNOSIS
    OF FOOD
    ALLERGENS
    IMMUNOASSAY
    • Immunoassays are used in the food industry to test the raw materials as well as the final
    composition of food.
    • They are also used to test for any contamination that may have occurred, as well as to
    test for allergens.
    • Immunoassays for immunoglobulin E (IgE) specific to an allergen of interest are
    widely used in the diagnosis of allergic disease.
    • Immunoassays are based upon interactions between antigens and antigen-specific
    antibodies.

    2023 Diagnosis of food allergens 6


    ELISA & PCR
    Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
    • The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an immunological assay commonly used to
    measure antibodies, antigens, proteins and glycoproteins in biological samples.
    • Some examples include: diagnosis of HIV infection, diagnosis of food allergens, pregnancy tests, and
    measurement of cytokines or soluble receptors in cell supernatant or serum.
    Polymerase chain reaction
    • The PCR, a tool based on nucleic acids, has been developed for the indirect analysis of allergenic
    ingredients in food.
    • It involves targeting a segment of the gene coding for the allergenic protein of interest and amplifying
    only this DNA fragment to make the protein detectable.
    • This tool is highly specific and sensitive, having a LOD of less than 10 mg/kg for almond, hazelnut,
    soy, milk or peanut.

    2023 Diagnosis of food allergens 7


    THANK YOU

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