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    Healthcare Pitch Deck

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    Dragan Lucia
    Antibodies are protein components of the immune system that circulate in the bloodstream and recognize and neutralize bacteria and viruses. They are produced by B lymphocytes and continue to circulate after exposure to protect the body. Antibodies recognize antigens with high specificity and come in different classes, such as IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD, and IgM, which have different functions like activation of complement, neutralization, opsonization, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

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    Healthcare Pitch Deck

    Uploaded by

    Dragan Lucia
    15 views7 pages
    Antibodies are protein components of the immune system that circulate in the bloodstream and recognize and neutralize bacteria and viruses. They are produced by B lymphocytes and continue to circulate after exposure to protect the body. Antibodies recognize antigens with high specificity and come in different classes, such as IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD, and IgM, which have different functions like activation of complement, neutralization, opsonization, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

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    Healthcare Pitch Deck (2)

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    Antibodies are protein components of the immune system that circulate in the bloodstream and recognize and neutralize bacteria and viruses. They are produced by B lymphocytes and continue to circulate after exposure to protect the body. Antibodies recognize antigens with high specificity and come in different classes, such as IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD, and IgM, which have different functions like activation of complement, neutralization, opsonization, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views7 pages

    Healthcare Pitch Deck

    Uploaded by

    Dragan Lucia
    Antibodies are protein components of the immune system that circulate in the bloodstream and recognize and neutralize bacteria and viruses. They are produced by B lymphocytes and continue to circulate after exposure to protect the body. Antibodies recognize antigens with high specificity and come in different classes, such as IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD, and IgM, which have different functions like activation of complement, neutralization, opsonization, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    State University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Nicolae Testemițeanu"

    "Antibodies: Molecular Guardians of the Immune


    System"
    Dragan Lucia M2315
    Antibodies are components of the immune
    .
    system that circulate in the bloodstream to
    recognize bacteria and viruses and neutralize
    . them. Following exposure to a foreign
    WHAT ARE substance (antigen), antibodies continue to
    ANTIBODIES? circulate in the blood, protecting the body
    . against exposure to that specific antigen. They
    . are represented by a protein found in plasma,
    body secretions, and extracellular fluid and are
    .
    produced by white blood cells called B
    lymphocytes.
    .

    .
    CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIBODIES

    IMMUNE TOLERANCE
    SPECIFICITY Antibodies recognize all types GENE REARRANGEMENT
    Each type of antibody of antigen, except autoantigens, B cells, responsible for
    recognizes a specific antigen. a feature called immune antibody production, originate in
    Each B cell in the body, tolerance. B cells that recognize the bone marrow and mature
    responsible for antibody autoantigens are generated by peripherally. During the
    production, produces a specific the body but are later eliminated maturation process,
    type of antibody. For example, in immunoglobulin genes undergo
    . . the bone marrow. Disruptions
    an antibody that recognizes the in B cell processing mechanisms rearrangement, generating
    . .
    measles virus cannot recognize can lead to autoimmune antigen-binding sites.
    that of mumps. diseases. Causes of autoimmune
    diseases may include viral
    infections, fever, disruptions in
    the intestinal microbiome, or
    pregnancy.​ .
    CLASSES OF ANTIBODIES
    .

     IgA antibodies are found in serum and


     IgG is the most common antibody,
    seromucous secretions, such as saliva,
    representing 75% of total plasma antibodies.
    colostrum, breast milk, mucus in the
    IgG antibodies are found in the blood and . .
    digestive and respiratory systems, and
    extravascular fluids. When an infection is
    play a role in defending against .
    present in the body, the level of IgG
    infections, protecting mucous
    antibodies increases.
    membranes against ingested or inhaled
    pathogens.
     IgE antibodies are found in the mucosa
    of the respiratory and gastrointestinal
     IgM antibodies are the first antibodies
    tracts, as well as in lymph nodes, and
    play a role in mediating erythematous synthesized
    . by a newborn after birth .
    vascular reactions. They are crucial for when the baby comes into contact with
    , ​
    the body's defense against parasites. infectious agents. These are the initial
    antibodies produced in response to
    exposure to an antigen.
     IgD antibodies are present in
    small quantities in the blood,
    and their role is to capture
    antigens together with IgM. .
    WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF ANTIBODIES?

     Among the functions of antibodies is the activation of


    complement to destroy bacterial cells by perforating
    the cell
    . wall (lysis). This process occurs .when .
    antibodies
    . recognize a conformational antigenic
    . .
    determinant, resulting in an inflammatory response
    that leads to the lysis of microorganisms through the
    formation of the cell membrane attack complex.  Neutralization is another important function for
    inactivating an antigen, where antibodies binding to
    specific viral or bacterial antigens prevent the
    . . possibility of infection of host cells.
    . .
     Opsonization: Antibodies act as opsonins, meaning they
    can enhance the ability of phagocytes to ingest and
    destroy pathogens.
    .

     Cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a function that involves


    the use of antibodies to destroy infected cells or
    pathogens
    . too large for phagocytosis. This
    . process is .
    achieved
    . by attaching antibodies (immunoglobulins)
    . .
    that have opsonized the antigen to the surface of
    macrophages, which will subsequently capture and
    endocytose the respective antigens.  The placental transfer of antibodies from mother to
    fetus occurs by crossing the placental barrier, thus
    providing passive immunization to the newborn.
    . .
    . .
    . . .
    . . .

    .
    Thank you!
    .
    . .

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