Bill of Rights

Article III:
Bill of Rights
(The 1987 Constitution of the
Republic of the Philippines)
PREPARED BY: SASUKE UCHIHA

WHAT IS BILL OF RIGHTS?
TWO TYPES OF RIGHTS.

- Natural Right
FOR EXAMPLE: Natural right of life, moral rights
or inalienable rights
- Legal Right
FOR EXAMPLE: An example of a legal right is Right
to vote of citizen.
Section 1
No person shall be deprived of life,
liberty, or property without due process of
law, nor shall any person be denied the equal
protection of the laws.
Section 2
The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and
seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be
inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall
issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally
by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the
complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly
describing the place to be searched and the persons or things to
be seized.
Section 3
The privacy of communication and
correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful
order of the court, or when public safety or order
requires otherwise as prescribed by law.
Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the
preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose
in any proceeding.
Section 4
No law shall be passed abridging the freedom
of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the
right of the people peaceably to assemble and
petition the Government for redress of grievances.
Section 5
No law shall be made respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free
exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship,
without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed.
No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or
political rights.
Section 6
The liberty of abode and of changing the same
within the limits prescribed by law shall not be
impaired except upon lawful order of the court.
Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in
the interest of national security, public safety, or public
health, as may be provided by law.
Section 7
The right of the people to information on matters of
public concern shall be recognized. Access to official
records, and to documents, and papers pertaining to official
acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government
research data used as basis for policy development, shall be
afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be
provided by law.
Section 8
The right of the people, including those employed in the
public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or
societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.
Section 9
Private property shall not be taken for public use without
just compensation.
Section 10
No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.
Section 11
Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and
adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person
by reason of poverty.
Section 12
Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right
to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel
preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be
provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of
counsel.
No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free
will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other
similar forms of detention are prohibited.
Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be
inadmissible in evidence against him.
The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well
as compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their
families.
Section 13
All persons, except those charged with
offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when
evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction,
be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on
recognizance as may be provided by law. The
right to bail shall not be impaired even when the
privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended.
Excessive bail shall not be required.
Section 14
No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due
process of law.
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent
until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself
and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against
him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to
face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and
the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial
may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has
been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.
Section 15
The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be
suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion when the public
safety requires it.
Section 16
All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of
their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative
bodies.
Section 17
No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
Section 18
(1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs
and aspirations.
(2) No involuntary servitude in any from shall exist except as
punishment for a crime whereof the party shall be duly convicted.
Section 19
Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or
inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be
imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the
Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already
imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua.
The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading
punishment against any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard
or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be
dealt with by law.
Section 20
No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
Section 21
No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same
offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal
under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act.
Section 22
No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

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Article III:

PREPARED BY: SASUKE UCHIHA

TWO TYPES OF RIGHTS.

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