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    SW 142 Reporting

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    Krishian Erl Andog
    This document provides an overview of the behavioral approach to counseling and therapy. It discusses key aspects of behavioral therapy including its focus on observable behaviors and how environmental factors influence behaviors. The summary also outlines some of the important figures in the development of behavioral therapy such as Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, and Bandura. It describes common behavioral therapy techniques like systematic desensitization and reinforcement. The role of the behavioral counselor is to help clients learn new behaviors through reinforcement and modeling to replace problematic behaviors.

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    SW 142 Reporting

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    This document provides an overview of the behavioral approach to counseling and therapy. It discusses key aspects of behavioral therapy including its focus on observable behaviors and how environmental factors influence behaviors. The summary also outlines some of the important figures in the development of behavioral therapy such as Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, and Bandura. It describes common behavioral therapy techniques like systematic desensitization and reinforcement. The role of the behavioral counselor is to help clients learn new behaviors through reinforcement and modeling to replace problematic behaviors.

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    This document provides an overview of the behavioral approach to counseling and therapy. It discusses key aspects of behavioral therapy including its focus on observable behaviors and how environmental factors influence behaviors. The summary also outlines some of the important figures in the development of behavioral therapy such as Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, and Bandura. It describes common behavioral therapy techniques like systematic desensitization and reinforcement. The role of the behavioral counselor is to help clients learn new behaviors through reinforcement and modeling to replace problematic behaviors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views10 pages

    SW 142 Reporting

    Uploaded by

    Krishian Erl Andog
    This document provides an overview of the behavioral approach to counseling and therapy. It discusses key aspects of behavioral therapy including its focus on observable behaviors and how environmental factors influence behaviors. The summary also outlines some of the important figures in the development of behavioral therapy such as Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, and Bandura. It describes common behavioral therapy techniques like systematic desensitization and reinforcement. The role of the behavioral counselor is to help clients learn new behaviors through reinforcement and modeling to replace problematic behaviors.

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    of 10

    BEHAVIORAL

    APPROACH
    PREPARED BY:

    ANDOG,KRISHIAN ERL L.
    CATALAN, JINKY A.
    LAGRIA, CHERRY MAE B.
    BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
    This approach focuses on behavior – changing unwanted behaviors
    through rewards, reinforcements, and desensitization. This therapy is
    based on the belief that behavior is learnt in response to past experience
    and can be unlearnt, or reconditioned, without analyzing the past to find
    the reason for the behavior.
    It works well for compulsive and obsessive behavior, fears, phobias, and
    addictions. Someone whose fear of germs leads to excessive washing, for
    example, may be trained to relax and not wash his/her hands after
    touching a public doorknob.
    Behavioral therapy often involves the cooperation of others, especially
    family and close friends, to reinforce a desired behavior.
    It is the application of experimentally derived principles of learning to the
    treatment of psychological disorders.
    BURRHUS FREDERIC (B.F.) SKINNER

    Behavior therapy was popularized by the


    U.S. psychologist B.F. Skinner, who
    worked with mental patients in a
    Massachusetts state hospital. From his
    work in animal learning, Skinner found
    that the establishment and extinction
    (elimination) of responses can be
    determined by the way reinforces, or
    rewards, are given.
    HISTORY OF BEHAVIOUR THERAPY
    Behavior therapy had its beginnings in the early 1900’s and became established as a
    psychological approach in the 1950s and 1960s. At this time, it received much resistance
    from the current school of thought, psychoanalysis.

    There have been a number of people that that have contributed to the development of
    behavioral therapy:
    Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

    Pavlov’s contributions to behavioural therapy were accidental. He was originally studying


    the digestive process of dogs when he discovered that associations can develop when
    pairing a stimulus (food) that has a response (dog salivates) with a stimulus that has no
    response (bell). The stimulus with no response (bell) eventually develops the same
    response (dog salivates) as the stimuli that has the response (food). This type of learning is
    known as classical conditioning (Seligman, 2006).
    John B. Watson (1878-1958)

    Watson has been described as the “father” of behaviourism (McLeod). He used Pavlov’s principles of
    classical conditioning as well as emphasizing that all behaviour could be understood as a result of
    learning. Watson’s research involved the study of a young child called “Albert”. “Albert” was initially
    not scared of rats. However, Watson paired the rat with a loud noise and this frightened “Albert”.

    After this was repeated numerous times, “Albert” developed a fear of rats. He also developed a fear of
    things similar to a rat such as men with beards, dogs, and fur coats. This fear was extinguished after a
    month of not repeating the experiment (McLeod, n.d.a).

    B.F. Skinner (1904-1958)

    Skinner developed the theory of operant reinforcement theory which is the notion that how often a
    behaviour is executed depends on the events that follow the behaviour (Seligman, 2006). For
    example, if the behaviour is reinforced, the behaviour is more likely to be repeated. He emphasised
    observable behaviour and rejected the notion of “inner causes” for behaviour (McLeod, n.d.a).
    John Dollard (1900-1980) & Neal Miller (1909-2002)

    Dollard and Miller provided more understanding to behavioural theory. They believed that when a
    stimulus and response are frequently paired together and rewarded, the more likely it is for an individual
    to repeat the behaviour (Seligman, 2006). They identified this as a habitual response. Dollard and Miller
    also identified four elements in behaviour: drive, cue, response, and reinforcement (Seligman, 2006)

    Joseph Wolpe (1915-1977)

    Wolpe described a process known as reciprocal inhibition which is when “eliciting a novel response
    brings about a decrease in the strength of a concurrent response” (Seligman, 2006). Wolpe also developed
    the therapeutic tool of systematic desensitization which is used in the treatment of phobias (to be
    discussed further down).

    Albert Bandura (1925)

    Bandura applied the principles of classical and operant conditioning to social learning. Basically,
    people learn behaviours through observation of other’s behaviour, also known as modelling
    (Seligman, 2006).
    THE IMPORTANCE OF BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO COUNSELING AND
    SOCIAL WORK

    • Behavioral theory seeks to explain human behavior by analyzing the


    antecedents and consequences present in the individual's environment
    and the learned associations he or she has acquired through previous
    experience.
    • Behavioral counseling theories hold that people engage in problematic
    thinking and behavior when their environment supports it. When an
    environment reinforces or encourages these problems, they will
    continue to occur
    Goals of Therapy: Techniques of Therapy:

    The main techniques are systematic


    Generally, too eliminate
    desensitization, relaxation methods,
    maladaptive behaviors and learn flooding eye movement and desensitization
    more effective behaviors. To focus reprocessing reinforcement techniques,
    on factors influencing behavior and modeling, cognitive restructuring, assertion
    find what can be done about and social skills training, self-management
    problematic behavior. Clients have programs, behavioral rehearsal, coaching,
    and various multimodal therapy techniques.
    an active role in setting treatment
    Diagnosis or assessment is done at the
    goals and evaluating how well these outset to determine a treatment plan.
    goals are being met. Questions are use, such as what, how, and
    when (but not why). Contracts and
    homework assignments are also typically
    used.
    Role of the Counselor:
    Basic Philosophy:
    Roles of the behavioral counselor are
    varies and include being a consultant, a Behavior is the product of
    reinforce, and a facilitator. The counselor learning. We are both the product
    is active and may supervise other people
    and the producer of the
    in the client’s environment to achieve the
    goals of therapy. Counselors using social environment. No set of unifying
    learning may model the desired behavior, assumptions about behavior can
    while respondent and operant incorporate all the existing
    conditioning counselors are more procedures in the behavioral
    directive and prescriptive in their field.
    approach to the therapy goals. Use of
    tests and diagnosis varied greatly among
    behavioral counselors.
    REFERENCES:

    https://counseling.education.wm.edu/blog/counseling-theories-and-approaches#:~:t
    ext=Behavioral%3A%20Behavioral%20counseling%20theories%20hold,they%20
    will%20continue%20to%20occur
    .
    https://www.counsellingconnection.com/index.php/2010/02/05/historical-backgrou
    nd-of-behaviour-therapy
    /
    https://www.britannica.com/science/behaviour-therapy
    https://
    oxfordre.com/socialwork/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.001.0001/acref
    ore-9780199975839-e-30;jsessionid=7785BE02AB012D7

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