Module 7 - Judaism

Judaism
Courtesy: Daniel Gerard Solidio

Objectives:
1. Jews
2. Founders
3. Sacred Texts
4. Doctrines
5. God
6. Issues
7. Core
Judaism and Jews
Hebrews (Abraham-Moses)
Descendants of a Hebrew going to the
Promised Land
Israelites
(Jacob)
12 sons/tribes living in the Promised Land
Jews (Judah)
Members of the tribe/kingdom, dispersed
from the Promised Land
Jews
Originally, the term Jews referred to the
members of the tribe of Judah. But later on,
the tribe of Judah, along with some other
tribes, became part of the Kingdom of Judah
(Division of 2 Kingdoms).
The term “Jews”, then, refer to the
members of the Kingdom of Judah.
Founders
Abraham (c. 2,000 BCE)
Covenant
Moses (1391-1271 BCE)
Commandments
Abraham (Genesis 12,17, 22)
With him, God made a covenant to bless and
protect those who would obey Him.
- God’s covenant was revealed in several
occasion, the first when He asked him to go to
Canaan to be the father of a nation.
- God required every male in the family and
his posterity to be circumcised as a sign of
obedience.
- God tested Abraham’s obedience by asking
him to sacrifice Isaac.
Founders
Abraham (c. 2,000 BCE)
Covenant
During the time of Abraham and his

sons & grandsons, God made His desires
known by directly communicating and
appearing in dreams.
Moses (1391-1271 BCE)
An Israelite but he spent the first half of
his life as an Egyptian prince.
Upon seeing a harsh treatment to a slave,

Moses killed an Egyptian and escaped. He
settled quietly in Midian.
Through a burning bush, God called

Moses and asked him to return to Egypt to
lead the Israelites out of slavery.
Moses
The pharaoh would not allow Moses to let
the Israelites go so God sent 10 plagues;
the 10th in which the angel of death killed
all firstborn sons of Egyptians but spared
the firstborn sons of Israelites (Passover)
The highlight was the receiving of God’s
commandments, given to Moses on top of
Mt. Sinai.
Covenant to Commandment
The giving of the commandment was
a renewal of God’s covenant with them,
being the descendants. If they would obey,
serve, and be faithful to God, he would
make them a great nation . They had to
fulfill their part of the contract which God
had stated clearly for them.
Sacred Texts
Torah
Poetry
Prophets
Talmud
Mishnah
Sacred Text: Tanakh
The primary ones in the Hebrew Bible
which was divided into three groups:
-Torah (The Teachings)
- Nevi’im (The Prophets)
- Kethuvim (The Writings)
Sacred Text: Talmud, Mishnah
Talmud – “study”; all studies and
interpretations by rabbis/teachers of the
Torah; authoritative collection of rabbinic
interpretations of the sacred scriptures.
Mishnah – restatement of the law by a

respected opinion; refers to the oral Torah
Doctrines
10 Commandments
(found in Ex 20:2-17 & Deut 5:6-21)
613 mitzvot (commandments)

Exodus 20:2-17
I am the Lord your God, who brought
you out of the land of Egypt, out of the
house of bondage. You shall have no other
gods before Me.
You shall not make for yourself a carved
image – any likeness of anything that is in
heaven above or that is in the earth
beneath, or that is in the water under the
earth; you shall not bow down to them nor
serve them. For I, the Lord your God, am
jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the
fathers upon the children to the third and
fourth generation of those who hate Me,
but showing mercy to thousands, to those
who love Me and keep My
commandments.
You shall not take the name of the Lord
your God in vain, for the Lord will not
hold him guiltless who takes His name in
vain.
Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it
holy. Six days you shall labor and do all
your work, but the seventh day is the
Sabbath of the Lord your God. In it you
shall do now work: you, nor your son, nor
your daughter, nor your male servant, nor
your female servant, nor your cattle, nor
your stranger who is within your gates.
For in six days the Lord made the heavens
and the earth, the sea, and all that is in
them, and rested the seventh day.
Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath
day and hallowed it.
Honor you father and your mother; that
your days may be long upon the land
which the Lord your God is giving you.
You shall not murder
Your shall not commit adultery
You shall not steal
You shall not bear false witness against
your neighbor.
You shall not covet your neighbor’s
house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s
wife, nor his male servant, nor his female
servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor
anything that is your neighbor’s.
God
YHVH – Ehyeh asher Ehyer
This is the name which was revealed to
Moses.
It is customary for Jews never to speah

this name aloud. Instead, they used the
word Adonai (Lord). It is only the high
priest who was allowed to say it and only
on the holy Day of Atonement.
Holy Places
Synagogues
Jewish temples of worship, instruction, and
community fellowship that contain separate
rooms designed for specific activities such
as praying and studying.
It has seats facing an elevated platform with
one or two lecterns or chair. The holiest spot
is the ark where the Torah scrolls are kept.
The rabbi leads the prayer service, delivers
sermon and interprets the Torah. (Jewish
layman may lead prayer service)
Temple
Around 1103 BCE, David conquered Jerusalem
and made it his capital.
Solomon built the first temple around 1000
BCE until Nebuchadnezzar II destroyed it in
587 BCE.
The holy of holies is where the Ark of the
Covenant is kept (contained 10 commandments
and Pentateuch)
In 349, the second temple was completed under
Persian rule of Darius until Romans destroyed it
Selected Issues
Women in Judaism
- determined by the Tanakh and
Jewish customs. Judaism offers tremendous
respect to roles given to women as wives
and mothers.
Orthodox Judaism – different roles
Conservative Judaism – active participation
of women
Reform Judaism - equality
Anti-Semitism
- hostility towards and discrimination
against the Jewish people in the late 19 th
and 20th centuries.
- holocaust was the most extreme
form of anti-Semitism
Holocaust
- Greek which means sacrifice by fire

- historically, it pertained to the
methodical, bureaucratic, and state-sponsored
persecution and execution of Jews by the Nazi
regime.
- Jews were perceived as the major threat
to the German racial community, who were
racially superior and considered themselves as
the master race.
Final Notes
The core teaching of Judaism is the
covenant of one God with a chosen
people.
- Monotheism
- Election
- Eschatology
Judaism

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Judaism

Courtesy: Daniel Gerard Solidio

During the time of Abraham and his

Upon seeing a harsh treatment to a slave,

Through a burning bush, God called

Mishnah – restatement of the law by a

613 mitzvot (commandments)

It is customary for Jews never to speah

- Greek which means sacrifice by fire

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