STRING

• Strings
• Strings in python are surrounded by either single quotation marks, or
double quotation marks.
• 'hello' is the same as "hello".
• You can display a string literal with the print() function:
• print("Hello")
print('Hello')
• Assign String to a Variable
• Assigning a string to a variable is done with the variable
name followed by an equal sign and the string:
• a = "Hello"
print(a)
• Multiline Strings
• You can assign a multiline string to a variable by using
three quotes:
• a = """Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipiscing elit,
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua."""
print(a)
• a = '''Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetur adipiscing elit,
sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.'''
print(a)
• Note: in the result, the line breaks are inserted at the
same position as in the code.
• Python - Slicing Strings
• Slicing
• You can return a range of characters by using the slice
syntax.
• Specify the start index and the end index, separated by
a colon, to return a part of the string.
• ExampleGet your own Python Server
• Get the characters from position 2 to position 5 (not
included):
• b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[2:5])
• Note: The first character has index 0.
• Slice From the Start
• By leaving out the start index, the range will start at
the first character:
• Example
• Get the characters from the start to position 5 (not
included):
• b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[:5])
• Slice To the End
• By leaving out the end index, the range will go to the
end:
• Example
• Get the characters from position 2, and all the way to
the end:
• b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[2:])
• Negative Indexing
• Use negative indexes to start the slice from the end of
the string:
• Example
• Get the characters:
• From: "o" in "World!" (position -5)
• To, but not included: "d" in "World!" (position -2):
• b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[-5:-2])
• Python - Modify Strings
• Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use
on string
• Upper Case
• Example
• The upper() method returns the string in upper case:
• a = "Hello, World!"
print(a.upper())
• Lower Case
• Example
• The lower() method returns the string in lower case:
• a = "Hello, World!"
print(a.lower())
• Remove Whitespace
• Whitespace is the space before and/or after the actual
text, and very often you want to remove this space.
• Example
• The strip() method removes any whitespace from the beginning or
the end:

• a = " Hello, World! "

• print(a.strip()) # returns "Hello, World!"
• Replace String
• Example
• The replace() method replaces a string with another string:
• a = "Hello, World!"
print(a.replace("H", "J"))
• Split String
• The split() method returns a list where the text between the specified
separator becomes the list items.
• Example
• The split() method splits the string into substrings if it finds instances
of the separator:
• a = "Hello, World!"
print(a.split(",")) # returns ['Hello', ' World!']
Python - String Concatenation

• String Concatenation
• To concatenate, or combine, two strings you can use
the + operator.
• ExampleGet your own Python Server
• Merge variable a with variable b into variable c:
• a = "Hello"
b = "World"
c = a + b
print(c)
• Example
• To add a space between them, add a " ":

• a = "Hello"
• b = "World"
• c=a+""+b
• print(c)
• Python - Format - Strings
• we cannot combine strings and numbers like this:
• age = 36
txt = "My name is John, I am " + age
print(txt)
• But we can combine strings and numbers by using the format()
method!
• The format() method takes the passed arguments, formats them, and
places them in the string where the placeholders {} are:
• Example
• Use the format() method to insert numbers into strings:
• age = 36
txt = "My name is John, and I am {}"
print(txt.format(age))
• The format() method takes unlimited number of
arguments, and are placed into the respective
placeholders:
• quantity = 3
itemno = 567
price = 49.95
myorder = "I want {} pieces of item {} for {}
dollars."
print(myorder.format(quantity, itemno, price))
• You can use index numbers {0} to be sure the arguments are placed in
the correct placeholders:
• quantity = 3
itemno = 567
price = 49.95
myorder = "I want to pay {2} dollars for {0} pieces
of item {1}."
print(myorder.format(quantity, itemno, price))
• Python - Escape Characters
• Escape Character
• To insert characters that are illegal in a string, use an escape
character.
• An escape character is a backslash \ followed by the character you
want to insert.
• An example of an illegal character is a double quote inside a string
that is surrounded by double quotes:
• ExampleGet your own Python Serve
• You will get an error if you use double quotes inside a
string that is surrounded by double quotes:
• txt = "We are the so-called "Vikings" from the
north."
• To fix this problem, use the escape character \":
• Example
• The escape character allows you to use double quotes
when you normally would not be allowed:
• txt = "We are the so-called \"Vikings\" from the
north."
• Examples
• txt = 'It\'s alright.'
• print(txt)

• txt = "This will insert one \\ (backslash)."

• print(txt)
• txt = "Hello\world!"
• print(txt)
Python String strip() Method

• ExampleGet your own Python Server

• Remove spaces at the beginning and at the end of the
string:
• txt = " banana "

x = txt.strip()

print("of all fruits", x, "is my favorite")

• Definition and Usage
• The strip() method removes any leading, and trailing whitespaces.

• Leading means at the beginning of the string, trailing means at the

end.

• You can specify which character(s) to remove, if not, any whitespaces

will be removed.
• Syntax
• string.strip(characters) Parameter Values
• Parameter Description
• characters Optional. A set of characters to
remove as leading/trailing characters
• Example
• Remove the leading and trailing characters:
• txt = ",,,,,rrttgg.....banana....rrr"

x = txt.strip(",.grt")

print(x)
• Strings are Arrays
• However, Python does not have a character data type, a
single character is simply a string with a length of 1.
• Square brackets can be used to access elements of the
string.
• Example
• Get the character at position 1 (remember that the first
character has the position 0):
• a = "Hello, World!"
print(a[1])
• Looping Through a String
• Since strings are arrays, we can loop through the characters in a
string, with a for loop.
• Example
• Loop through the letters in the word "banana":
• String Length
• To get the length of a string, use the len() function.
• Example
• The len() function returns the length of a string:

• a = "Hello, World!"
• print(len(a))
• Example
• Print only if "free" is present:
• txt = "The best things in life are free!"
if "free" in txt:
print("Yes, 'free' is present.")
• Example
• print only if "expensive" is NOT present:
• txt = "The best things in life are free!"
if "expensive" not in txt:
print("No, 'expensive' is NOT present.")
String Methods

• Python String count() Method

• ExampleGet your own Python Server
• Return the number of times the value "apple" appears
in the string:
• txt = "I love apples, apple are my favorite fruit"

x = txt.count("apple")

print(x)
• Definition and Usage
• The count() method returns the number of times a specified value
appears in the string.
• Syntax
• string.Count(value, start, end)
 Parameter Values

Paramet Description
er
value Required. A String. The string to value to
search for
start Optional. An Integer. The position to start
the search. Default is 0
end Optional. An Integer. The position to end
the search. Default is the end of the string
• Example
• Search from position 10 to 24:
• txt = "I love apples, apple are my favorite fruit"

x = txt.count("apple", 10, 24)

print(x)