Vasudevan M

FLOW THROUGH PIPES
BY
VASUDEVAN M
ABSTRACT
• Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics that studies fluids and the
forces on them.
• Energy in pipes flow is expressed as head and is defined by the
Bernoulli equation.
• Pipes flow is subject to frictional losses as defined by the Darcy-
Weisbech formula.
• This section begin with a brief review on laminar and turbulent
flows followed by a introduction of fully developed flow.
• The Hagan-poiseuille and Darcy-Weisbach equation are then
presented for circular pipe flow.
• Flow in partially filled pipes are covered in the discussion of open
channel flow. At the end of the section, flow in non-circular
conduits is discussed.
INTRODUCTION
• Pipes flow, a branch of hydraolics and fluid mechanics, is
a type of liquid flow within a closed conduit.
• Energy in pipes flow is expressed as head and is defined
by the Bernoulli equation.
• Pipes flow is subject to frictional losses as defined by the
Darcy-weisbech formula.
• At a Reynolds number below the critical value of
approximately 2040 pipes flow will ultimately be laminar
• In additional, the transition between laminar flow and
turbulence can be sensitive to disturbance levels and
imperfections.
LITERATURE REVIEW
• An Analysis of Oil/Water flow phenomena in
horizontal pipes.
• Parametric analysis of loop heat pipes
operation.
• Erosion-Corrosion of Copper-Nickel Alloys in
Sea Water and Other Aqueous Environments.
PIPE FLOW
• Pipe flow, a branch of hydraulics and fluid
mechanics, is a type of liquid flow within a
closed conduit.
• Energy in pipe flow is expressed as head and
is defined by the bernoulli equation.
• Pipe flow is subjected to frictional losses as
definded by the Darcy-Weisbach formula.
STATES OF FLOW
• Flow through pipes can roughly be divided into
two:
1. Laminar flow - see Hagan-Poiseuille flow
2. Turbulent flow – see Moody diagram
VISCOUS FLOW
1. REYNOLDS NUMBER
2. DARCY-WEISBACH EQUATION
LAMINAR FLOW
• Laminar flow occurs when a fluid flows in parallel
layers, wuth no disruption between the layers.
• Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by the
high momentum diffusion and low momentum
convection.
• The flow profile of laminar flow in a tube can be
calculated by dividing the flow into thin cylindrical
elements and applying the viscous force to them.
Turbulent flow
• In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow
is a flow regime characterized by chaotic and
suspected stochastic property changes.
• Flow in which the kinetic energy dies out due
to the action of fluid molecular viscosity is
called laminar flow.
• The turbulence is generally interspersed with
laminar flow until a larger Reynolds number of
above 4000.
Laminar and turbulent flow
Friction losses
• Friction loss is the loss of energy or head that
occur in pipe flow due to viscous effects
generated by the surface of the pipes.
MAJOR LOSSES
• Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a
specfic measurement of liquid pressure above
a geodetic datum.
• It is usually as a liquid surface elevation,
expressed in units of length, at the entrance of
a piezometer.
• The hydraulic head can be used to dertermine
a hydraulic gradient between two or more
points.
MINOR LOSSES
• Sudden expansion
• Sudden construction
• Entrances to a pipe from a reservoir
• At exit of a pipe
• Conical expansion
• Bents, pipe fitting
• An obstruction
Reduce frictional losses
• Frictional losses depend on the conditions of
flow and the physical properties of the system.
• Movement of fluid molecules against each
other.
• Bends,kinks,and other sharp turns in hose or
piping
• High pupming power consumption
• More expensive, thicker-walled pipe.
Hydraulic transmission of power
• Power transmission
• Electrical power
• Electric power transmission with overhead line
• Electric power transmission with underground
cable
• Wireless transmission
• Mechanical power transmission
• Chemicals and fuels
conclusion
• The Hagan-poiseuille and Darcy-weisbech
equation are then presented for circular pipe
flow.
• Flows in partially filled pipes are covered in
the discussion of open channel flow.
• At the end ofthis section, flow in non circular
conduits is dissussed.
Thank you

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FLOW THROUGH PIPES

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