Lesson 1 Introduction To Quantitative Research

INTRODUCTION
Research 2
Practical TO
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
Junilyn S. Zozobrado
Objective:
Describe the characteristics, strengths,

weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative
research.
Finding Clues!
Directions: Group the following word clues if they are characteristics of
Quantitative Research (Box A) or Qualitative Research (Box B).
1. Measurable 6. Small sample 11. Unstructured observation
2. Text-based 7. Statistical 12. Deductive
3. Subjective 8. Experimental group 13. Objective
4. Behavior 9. Tables and charts 14. Inductive
5. Intervention 10. Narrative 15. Generalizable
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

Finding Clues!
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Measurable
Small Sample
Behavior
Text-based
Intervention
Subjective
Statistical
Narrative
Experimental group
Unstructured observation
Tables and charts
Inductive
Deductive
Objective
Generalizable
Quantitative Research
Also known as empirical research, is a type of inquiry where
relations are established through the collection of numerical
data which are analyzed to derive generalization.
It specifically refers to tests or experiments that yield quantifiable values

that can be analyzed using statistics, figures, and mathematical models to
provide information that may be used in decision-making.
Three Main Assumptions of Quantitative
Research
Observing and Explaining Analyzing the Information

Collecting Information
The researcher observes The reliability of the
and explains an Specifically concerned data derived from
occurrence in the form with statistical quantitative design
of either a question or a information known as varies according to the
hypothesis. data. data collection method
used (manual,
automated).
Characteristics of
Quantitative
Research
1. Large Sample Size 3. Concise Visual Presentation
Data is numerical which makes
To obtain a more meaningful
presentation through graphs,
statistical result, the data must charts, and tables possible and with
come from a large sample better conveyance and
size. interpretation.
2. Objectivity 4. Faster Data Analysis

Data gathering and analysis of
results are done accurately, The use of statistical tools gives
objectively, and are unaffected way for a less time-consuming
data analysis
by the researcher’s intuition
and personal guesses.
5. Generalized Data 7. Reliable Data
Data is taken and analyzed
Data taken from a sample can objectively from a sample as a
be applied to the population if representative of the population,
sampling is done accordingly making it more credible and reliable
for policymaking and decision-
making.
6. Fast and Easy Data

8. High Replicability
Collection
Uses standardized research The Quantitative method can be
repeated to verify the findings
instruments that allow the
enhancing its validity, free from
researcher to collect data from
false or immature conclusions.
a large sample size efficiently.
Strengths of
Quantitative
Research
5. Fast and easy data analysis
1. Very objective using
statistical software.
2. Numerical and quantifiable
data can be used to predict 6. Fast and easy data gathering
outcomes.
3. Findings are generalizable 7. Quantitative research can

to be
the population replicated or repeated.
4. There is a conclusive 8. Validity and reliability can be
establishment established
of cause and effect
Weaknesses of
Quantitative
Research
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or
concept in depth
2. It does not provide a comprehensive explanation of human

experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data

such as feelings, and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible.

5. The participants are limited to choose only from the given
responses.
6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate responses.
7. A large sample size makes data collection more costly.

Kinds of
Quantitative
Research
1. Descriptive design
 Aims to define the existing
condition of a classified variable.
 Designed to give “answers to the

questions of who, what, when,
where, and how which are linked
with a research problem. Example:
 It is applied only to describe what ● A description of how parents feel about

the K to12 Curriculum.
exists and to gather information
about the current status of a certain ● A description of the youth’s perception of
phenomenon. the 2022 elections.
2. Correlational design
 identifies the relationship

between variables.
 To find if the data has an

observable relationship that can
Example:
be further specified in terms of
magnitude and/or an increase or ● The relationship between a successful
decrease. career and educational attainment.
● The relationship between high grades

and having tutors
3. Ex post facto design
 used to investigate a
possible relationship
between previous events
and present conditions.
 The term “Ex post facto” which Example:

means after the fact, looks at the
● The effect of gender on college course
possible causes of an already
choices
occurring phenomenon. ● The effect of studying in Catholic
schools on the moral value system of
those who graduate from these schools
4. Quasi-experimental design
 used to establish the cause-and-
effect relationship of variables
 has lesser validity due to the absence

of random selection and assignment
of subjects.
 The group exposed to treatment

Example:
(experimental) is compared to the
group unexposed to treatment ● A comparison of the effects of various
(control). blended learning to the reading
comprehension of elementary pupils.
4. Experimental design
 This design provides a more
conclusive result because it uses
random assignment of subjects and
experimental manipulations.
Example:
● A psychologist may be interested in the
impact of video game violence on
children's aggression.
● The psychologist randomly assigns
some children to play a violent video
game for 1 hour and other children to
play a non-violent video game for 1
hour.
1. Based on the discussion, what
are the advantages of
Guide quantitative design over
qualitative?
Questions:
2. As a researcher, what is the
importance of knowing the
various characteristics,
strength, and weaknesses of
quantitative research?
_______1. Quantitative data can be presented using tables and graphs.
_______2. The results of quantitative research can be used to generalize
and predict.
_______3. Quantitative research is flexible so at any stage, the study may
True or False
change.
_______4. Quantitative data are more credible, reliable, and useful than
qualitative data.
_______5. The research study cannot be replicated or repeated because it
Activity!
is unique in every case.

_______6. Data are in the form of numbers and analyzed statistically.
_______7. Data analysis is an on-going process. It can be done at any
stage of the process.
_______8. The behavior of the participants is observed and is critical to the
analysis of results.
_______9. Analysis of data is less time-consuming.
______10. In quantitative research, the researcher participates and
engages the participants in the study
1. What is quantitative research?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2. What are the characteristics of quantitative research?
3 to 5 Activity! ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Directions: Answer the 3. Discuss the strengths of quantitative research.
following in 3 to 5 ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
sentences. 4. Discuss the weaknesses of quantitative research.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
5. Describe each type of quantitative design and give one
example for each kind.
A. Descriptive design
B. Correlational design
C. Ex post facto design
D. Quasi-experimental design
E. Experimental design
Assignment!
Directions: Research the
importance of quantitative
research across
disciplines.
Thank YOU
for
Listening!

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INTRODUCTION

Describe the characteristics, strengths,

Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

It specifically refers to tests or experiments that yield quantifiable values

Observing and Explaining Analyzing the Information

2. Objectivity 4. Faster Data Analysis

6. Fast and Easy Data

3. Findings are generalizable 7. Quantitative research can

2. It does not provide a comprehensive explanation of human

3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data

4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible.

6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate responses.

7. A large sample size makes data collection more costly.

 Designed to give “answers to the

 It is applied only to describe what ● A description of how parents feel about

 identifies the relationship

 To find if the data has an

● The relationship between high grades

 The term “Ex post facto” which Example:

 has lesser validity due to the absence

 The group exposed to treatment

is unique in every case.

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