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    Math Villafuerte

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    jeffreysonbelen
    This document discusses normal distributions, which describe continuous random variables that take on any real number value. The normal distribution is represented by a bell-shaped curve, and is defined by two parameters: the mean μ and the standard deviation σ. Approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of values in a normal distribution fall within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations of the mean, respectively. Properties of the normal distribution include that the total area under the curve is 1, and the curve is symmetric around the mean.

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    Math Villafuerte

    Uploaded by

    jeffreysonbelen
    7 views12 pages
    This document discusses normal distributions, which describe continuous random variables that take on any real number value. The normal distribution is represented by a bell-shaped curve, and is defined by two parameters: the mean μ and the standard deviation σ. Approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of values in a normal distribution fall within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations of the mean, respectively. Properties of the normal distribution include that the total area under the curve is 1, and the curve is symmetric around the mean.

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    MATH VILLAFUERTE

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    This document discusses normal distributions, which describe continuous random variables that take on any real number value. The normal distribution is represented by a bell-shaped curve, and is defined by two parameters: the mean μ and the standard deviation σ. Approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of values in a normal distribution fall within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations of the mean, respectively. Properties of the normal distribution include that the total area under the curve is 1, and the curve is symmetric around the mean.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    7 views12 pages

    Math Villafuerte

    Uploaded by

    jeffreysonbelen
    This document discusses normal distributions, which describe continuous random variables that take on any real number value. The normal distribution is represented by a bell-shaped curve, and is defined by two parameters: the mean μ and the standard deviation σ. Approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of values in a normal distribution fall within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations of the mean, respectively. Properties of the normal distribution include that the total area under the curve is 1, and the curve is symmetric around the mean.

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    of 12

    PROBABILITIES

    AND NORMAL
    DISTRIBUTIONS
    Normal Distributions

    So far we have dealt with random variables with a finite


    number of possible values. For example; if X is the
    number
    of heads that will appear, when you flip a coin 5 times, X
    can only take the values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
    Some variables can take a continuous range of values, for
    example a variable such as the height of 2 year old children
    in the U.S. population or the lifetime of an electronic
    component. For a continuous random variable X, the
    analogue of a histogram is a continuous curve (the
    probability density function) and it is our primary tool in
    finding probabilities related to the variable. As with the
    histogram for a random variable with a finite number of
    values, the total area under the curve equals 1.
    Normal Distributions
    Probabilities correspond to areas under the curve and are
    calculated over intervals rather than for specific values of
    the random variable.
    Although many types of probability density functions
    commonly occur, we will restrict our attention to random
    variables with Normal Distributions and the probabilities
    will correspond to areas under a Normal Curve (or
    normal density function).
    This is the most important example of a continuous
    random variable, because of something called the Central
    Limit Theorem: given any random variable with any
    distribution, the average (over many observations) of that
    variable will (essentially) have a normal distribution. This
    makes it possible, for example, to draw reliable information
    from opinion polls.
    Normal Distributions

    The shape of a Normal curve depends on two parameters, µ


    and σ, which correspond, respectively, to the mean and
    standard deviation of the population for the associated
    random variable. The graph below shows a selection of
    Normal curves, for various values of µ and σ. The curve is
    always bell shaped, and always centered at the mean µ.
    Larger values of σ give a curve that is more spread out.
    The area beneath the curve is always 1.
    Properties of a Normal Curve

    1. All Normal Curves have the same general bell shape.


    2. The curve is symmetric with respect to a vertical line
    that passes through the peak of the curve.
    3. The curve is centered at the mean µ which coincides
    with the median and the mode and is located at the
    point beneath the peak of thePr curve.
    4. The area under the curve is always 1.
    5. The curve is completely determined by the mean µ and
    the standard deviation σ. For the same mean, µ, a
    smaller value of σ gives a taller and narrower curve,
    whereas a larger value of σ gives a flatter curve.
    6. The area under the curve to the right of the mean is
    0.5 and the area under the curve to the left of the
    mean is 0.5.
    Properties of a Normal Curve

    7. The empirical rule (68%, 95%, 99.7%) for mound


    shaped data applies to variables with normal
    distributions.
    For example, approximately 95% of the measurements
    will fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean, i.e.
    within the interval (µ − 2σ, µ + 2σ).
    8. If a random variable X associated to an experiment
    has a normal probability distribution, the probability
    that the value of X derived from a single trial of the
    experiment is between two given values x1 and x2
    (P(x1 6 X 6 x2)) is the area under the associated
    normal curve between x1 and x2. For any given value
    x1, P(X = x1) = 0, so
    P(x1 6 X 6 x2) = P(x1 < X < x2)
    THANK YOU FOR
    LISTENING

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