Se15 JDBC

Database Access
with JDBC
Core Servlets & JSP book: www.coreservlets.com
More Servlets & JSP book: www.moreservlets.com
Servlet and JSP Training Courses: courses.coreservlets.com
Slides © Marty Hall, http://www.moreservlets.com, book © Sun Microsystems Press
Overview
• Overview of JDBC technology
• JDBC drivers
• Seven basic steps in using JDBC
• Retrieving data from a ResultSet
• Using prepared and callable statements
• Handling SQL exceptions
• Submitting multiple statements as a
transaction
3 JDBC www.moreservlets.com
JDBC Introduction
• JDBC provides a standard library for accessing
relational databases
– API standardizes
• Way to establish connection to database
• Approach to initiating queries
• Method to create stored (parameterized) queries
• The data structure of query result (table)
– Determining the number of columns
– Looking up metadata, etc.
– API does not standardize SQL syntax
• JDBC is not embedded SQL
– JDBC classes are in the java.sql package
• Note: JDBC is not officially an acronym;
unofficially, “Java DataBase Connectivity” is
commonly used www.moreservlets.com
4 JDBC
On-line Resources
• Sun’s JDBC Site
– http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/
• JDBC Tutorial
– http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc/
• List of Available JDBC Drivers
– http://industry.java.sun.com/products/jdbc/drivers/
• API for java.sql
– http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/docs/api/java/sql/
package-summary.html
Oracle On-line Resources
• JDBC Road Map
– http://technet.oracle.com/tech/java/jroadmap/index2.htm?
Info&jdbc/listing.htm
• SQLJ & JDBC Basic Samples
– http://technet.oracle.com/tech/java/sqlj_jdbc/index2.htm?
Code&files/basic/basic.htm
• JDBC Drivers
– http://technet.oracle.com/software/tech/java/sqlj_jdbc/
htdocs/listing.htm
– Requires free registration
• Certification
– http://technet.oracle.com/training/certification/
JDBC Drivers
• JDBC consists of two parts:
– JDBC API, a purely Java Application
Java-based API
JDBC API
– JDBC Driver Manager,which
communicates with JDBC Driver Manager
vendor-specific drivers that JDBC Driver API
perform the real communication
with the database. JDBC-ODBC
Bridge
Vendor Specific
JDBC Driver
• Point: translation to vendor

format is performed on
the client Vendor Specific
ODBC Driver
Database
– No changes needed
to server
– Driver (translator) needed Database
on client
JDBC Data Types
JDBC Type Java Type JDBC Type Java Type

BIT boolean NUMERIC BigDecimal
TINYINT byte DECIMAL
SMALLINT short DATE java.sql.Date
INTEGER int TIME java.sql.Timestamp
BIGINT long TIMESTAMP
REAL float CLOB Clob*
FLOAT double BLOB Blob*
DOUBLE ARRAY Array*
BINARY byte[] DISTINCT mapping of underlying type
VARBINARY STRUCT Struct*
LONGVARBINARY REF Ref*
CHAR String JAVA_OBJECT underlying Java class
VARCHAR
LONGVARCHAR *SQL3 data type supported in JDBC 2.0
Seven Basic Steps in
Using JDBC
1. Load the driver
2. Define the Connection URL
3. Establish the Connection
4. Create a Statement object
5. Execute a query
6. Process the results
7. Close the connection
JDBC: Details of Process
1. Load the driver
try {
Class.forName("connect.microsoft.MicrosoftDriver");
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
} catch { ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
System.out.println("Error loading driver: " cnfe);
}
String host = "dbhost.yourcompany.com";
String dbName = "someName";
int port = 1234;
String oracleURL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@" + host +
":" + port + ":" + dbName;
String sybaseURL = "jdbc:sybase:Tds:" + host +
":" + port + ":" +
"?SERVICENAME=" + dbName;
(Continued)
String username = "jay_debesee";
String password = "secret";
Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection(oracleURL,
username,
password);
• Optionally, look up information about the database

DatabaseMetaData dbMetaData =
connection.getMetaData();
String productName =
dbMetaData.getDatabaseProductName();
System.out.println("Database: " + productName);
String productVersion =
dbMetaData.getDatabaseProductVersion();
System.out.println("Version: " + productVersion);
(Continued)
4. Create a Statement
Statement statement =
connection.createStatement();
5. Execute a Query
String query =
"SELECT col1, col2, col3 FROM sometable";
ResultSet resultSet =
statement.executeQuery(query);
– To modify the database, use executeUpdate,

supplying a string that uses UPDATE, INSERT, or
DELETE
– Use setQueryTimeout to specify a maximum delay
to wait for results
(Continued)
6. Process the Result
while(resultSet.next()) {
System.out.println(resultSet.getString(1) + " " +
resultSet.getString(2) + " " +
resultSet.getString(3));
}
– First column has index 1, not 0
– ResultSet provides various getXxx methods that
take a colu index or column name and returns the data
– You can also access result meta data (column names,
etc.)
7. Close the Connection
connection.close();
– Since opening a connection is expensive, postpone this

step if additional database operations are expected
The Microsoft Access
Northwind Database
• Database that comes preinstalled with
Microsoft Office
Using Microsoft Access via
ODBC
• Click Start, Settings, Control Panel,
Administrative Tools, Data Sources, System
DSN, and select Add
ODBC (Continued)
• Select Microsoft Access Driver, Finish, type a
name under Data Source Name, and hit Select
ODBC (Continued)
• Navigate to the Samples directory of MS Office,
select Northwind.mdb, hit OK, then hit OK in
following two windows
ODBC (Continued)
• Use sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver as the
class name of the JDBC driver.
– Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
• Use "jdbc:odbc:Northwind" as the database
address, and use empty strings for the
username and password.
– Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:Northwind",
"","");
Simple Standalone Northwind
Test
package coreservlets;
import java.sql.*;
public class NorthwindTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String driver =
"sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver";
String url = "jdbc:odbc:Northwind";
String username = "";
String password = "";
showEmployeeTable(driver, url,
username, password);
}
Test (Continued)
public static void showEmployeeTable(String driver,
String url,
String username,
String password) {
try {
// Load database driver if not already loaded.
Class.forName(driver);
// Establish network connection to database.
DriverManager.getConnection(url,
username, password);
System.out.println("Employees\n" +
"=========");
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
String query =
"SELECT firstname, lastname FROM employees";
// Send query to database and store results.
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(query);
Test (Continued)
// Print results.
// First name
System.out.print(resultSet.getString(1) + " ");
// Last name
System.out.println(resultSet.getString(2));
}
} catch(ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
System.err.println("Error loading driver: " + cnfe);
} catch(SQLException sqle) {
System.err.println("Error connecting: " + sqle);
}
}
}
Test: Results
Prompt> java coreservlets.NorthwindTest
Employees
=========
Nancy Davolio
Andrew Fuller
Janet Leverling
Margaret Peacock
Steven Buchanan
Michael Suyama
Robert King
Laura Callahan
Anne Dodsworth
Using MetaData
• System-wide data
– connection.getMetaData().getDatabaseProductName()
– connection.getMetaData().getDatabaseProductVersion()
• Table-specific data
– resultSet.getMetaData().getColumnCount()
• When using the result, remember that
the index starts at 1, not 0
– resultSet.getMetaData().getColumnName()
Using MetaData: Example
public class NorthwindServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
… out.println(docType + …);
String driver = "sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver";
String url = "jdbc:odbc:Northwind";
String username = "";
String password = "";
String tableName = request.getParameter("tableName");
if ((tableName == null) || (tableName.equals(""))) {
tableName = "employees";
}
showTable(driver, url, username, password,
tableName, out);
out.println("</CENTER></BODY></HTML>");
}
(Continued)
private void showTable(String driver,
String url,
String username,
String password,
String tableName,
PrintWriter out) {
try {
Class.forName(driver);
DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
DatabaseMetaData dbMetaData = connection.getMetaData();
out.println("<UL>");
String productName =
dbMetaData.getDatabaseProductName();
out.println(" <LI><B>Database:</B> " +
productName);
String productVersion =
dbMetaData.getDatabaseProductVersion();
out.println(" <LI><B>Version:</B> " +
productVersion +
"\n</UL>");
(Continued)
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
String query =
"SELECT * FROM " + tableName;
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(query);
out.println("<TABLE BORDER=1>");
ResultSetMetaData resultsMetaData =
resultSet.getMetaData();
int columnCount = resultsMetaData.getColumnCount();
out.println("<TR>");
for(int i=1; i<columnCount+1; i++) {
out.print("<TH>" + resultsMetaData.getColumnName(i));
}
out.println();
out.println("<TR>");
for(int i=1; i<columnCount+1; i++) {
out.print("<TD>" + resultSet.getString(i));
}
out.println();
}
out.println("</TABLE>");
Using MetaData: Results
Using Statement
• Overview
– Through the Statement object, SQL statements are
sent to the database.
– Three types of statement objects are available:
• Statement
– For executing a simple SQL statement
• PreparedStatement
– For executing a precompiled SQL statement passing in parameters
• CallableStatement
– For executing a database stored procedure
Useful Statement Methods
• executeQuery
– Executes the SQL query and returns the data in a table
(ResultSet)
– The resulting table may be empty but never null
ResultSet results =
statement.executeQuery("SELECT a, b FROM table");
• executeUpdate
– Used to execute for INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
SQL statements
– The return is the number of rows that were affected in the
database
– Supports Data Definition Language (DDL) statements
CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE and ALTER TABLE
int rows =
statement.executeUpdate("DELETE FROM EMPLOYEES" +
"WHERE STATUS=0");
Useful Statement Methods
(Continued)
• execute
– Generic method for executing stored procedures and
prepared statements
– Rarely used (for multiple return result sets)
– The statement execution may or may not return a
ResultSet (use statement.getResultSet). If the return value
is true, two or more result sets were produced
• getMaxRows/setMaxRows
– Determines the maximum number of rows a
ResultSet may contain
– Unless explicitly set, the number of rows is unlimited
(return value of 0)
• getQueryTimeout/setQueryTimeout
– Specifies the amount of a time a driver will wait for a
STATEMENT to complete before throwing a
30
SQLException
JDBC www.moreservlets.com
Prepared Statements
(Precompiled Queries)
• Idea
– If you are going to execute similar SQL statements
multiple times, using “prepared” (parameterized)
statements can be more efficient
– Create a statement in standard form that is sent to the
database for compilation before actually being used
– Each time you use it, you simply replace some of the
marked parameters using the setXxx methods
• As PreparedStatement inherits from Statement
the corresponding execute methods have no
parameters
– execute()
– executeQuery()
– executeUpdate()
Prepared Statement, Example
DriverManager.getConnection(url, user,
password);
PreparedStatement statement =
connection.prepareStatement("UPDATE employees "+
"SET salary = ? " +
"WHERE id = ?");
int[] newSalaries = getSalaries();
int[] employeeIDs = getIDs();
for(int i=0; i<employeeIDs.length; i++) {
statement.setInt(1, newSalaries[i]);
statement.setInt(2, employeeIDs[i]);
statement.executeUpdate();
}
Useful Prepared Statement
Methods
• setXxx
– Sets the indicated parameter (?) in the SQL statement to
the value
• clearParameters
– Clears all set parameter values in the statement
• Handling Servlet Data

– Query data obtained from a user through an HTML form
may have SQL or special characters that may require
escape sequences
– To handle the special characters, pass the string to the
PreparedStatement setString method which
will automatically escape the string as necessary
Transactions
• Idea
– By default, after each SQL statement is executed the
changes are automatically committed to the database
– Turn auto-commit off to group two or more statements
together into a transaction
connection.setAutoCommit(false)
– Call commit to permanently record the changes to the

database after executing a group of statements
– Call rollback if an error occurs
Transactions: Example
DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, passwd);
connection.setAutoCommit(false);
try {
statement.executeUpdate(...);
statement.executeUpdate(...);
connection.commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
try {
connection.rollback();
} catch (SQLException sqle) {
// report problem
}
} finally {
try {
connection.close();
} catch (SQLException sqle) { }
}
Useful Connection Methods
(for Transactions)
• getAutoCommit/setAutoCommit
– By default, a connection is set to auto-commit
– Retrieves or sets the auto-commit mode
• commit
– Force all changes since the last call to commit to become
permanent
– Any database locks currently held by this Connection
object are released
• rollback
– Drops all changes since the previous call to commit
– Releases any database locks held by this Connection
object
More JDBC Options
• Stored procedures
• Changing buffer size
• Connection pooling
• JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL) –
custom tags to hide JDBC details
Summary
• You use the same Java syntax with all
databases
– Translation to native format is done on the client via a
JDBC driver
– Standardized Java syntax does not equate to
standardized SQL syntax
• Steps in using JDBC
1. Load the driver
4. Create a Statement object
5. Execute a query
6. Process the results
38
7.
JDBC
Close the connection www.moreservlets.com
Questions?
Core Servlets & JSP book: www.coreservlets.com

More Servlets & JSP book: www.moreservlets.com
Servlet and JSP Training Courses: courses.coreservlets.com
Slides © Marty Hall, http://www.moreservlets.com, book © Sun Microsystems Press
More Information
• Source code for examples
– http://www.moreservlets.com
• More Servlets & JSP
– http://www.moreservlets.com
– Site includes info on servlet
and JSP training courses
• Core Servlets & JSP
– Prequel to More Servlets & JSP
– http://www.coreservlets.com
• Servlet home page
– http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/
• JavaServer Pages home page
– http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/

Se15 JDBC

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Se15 JDBC

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Se15 JDBC

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Database Access

• Point: translation to vendor

JDBC Type Java Type JDBC Type Java Type

• Optionally, look up information about the database

– To modify the database, use executeUpdate,

– Since opening a connection is expensive, postpone this

public class NorthwindTest {

• Handling Servlet Data

– Call commit to permanently record the changes to the

Core Servlets & JSP book: www.coreservlets.com

You might also like