G10 Quarter 4
G10 Quarter 4
G10 Quarter 4
M10SP-IVa-b-1
Prepared by:
Margelyn A. Olohoy
Math Teacher
TOPIC:
Examples: 1 3 3
2 4 8
REVIEW: Changing Fraction to Decimal
To change a fraction to a decimal number, divide the
numerator of the fraction by its denominator.
Example: Change
0 . 74:
Divide 3 by 5
4 3. 00
–
0
–
30
Thus, = 0.75
28
20
–
20
0
REVIEW: Changing a Decimal Number to Percent
0.162 = 16.2%
(0.162)(100) = 16.2
REVIEW: Changing a Percent to a Decimal Number
135
1 35 %
¿
100
¿ 1.35OR 1.3.5. = 1.35
REVIEW: Rounding Off Numbers
1. Quartiles
2. Deciles
3. Percentiles
Relating Quantiles 𝑸 𝟐=𝑫 𝟓=𝑷 𝟓𝟎
Quartile
𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑄3
Decile
𝐷𝐷
𝐷1 2 𝐷
3 𝐷
4 𝐷𝐷
5 6 𝐷𝐷
7 8 9
Percentile
𝑃 10 𝑃 40
𝑃 30
𝑃 20 𝑃 50 𝑃 70
𝑃 60 𝑃 90
𝑃 80
A. Quartiles
Quartile is a statistical term describing a division of
observations into four defined intervals based upon the values
of the given data set.
There are three quartiles in a set of numbers:
1. The lower quartile .
2. The middle quartile , (also called the median).
3. The upper quartile .
The quartiles divide the data set ( arranged in ascending order )
into four equal groups.
The difference between and , is the interquartile range.
Methods in Finding the Quartiles for
Ungrouped Data
1. The Moore and McCabe Method
2. The Tukey Method
3. The Mendenhall and Sincich Method
4. The Linear Interpolation
For Odd-Numbered Set
Find the quartiles of the given data set:
9, 8, 2, 10, 4, 12, 7,
6, 11
Step 1:
In any of the methods mentioned, the first step is
to arrange the given set of data in ascending order
(from lowest value to highest value).
Ascending order of data:
2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Step 2: In any of the methods mentioned, the second step is to
number the order of values in the arranged (ascending order) data
set.
2 4 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
Method 1: Moore and McCabe Method
2 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Step 3: Find . Order of values
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
in the set
Locate the middle term by inspection.
The middle quartile is the middle number (the
median) in the arranged data set. Since 8 is the middle
number, thus .
Middle number
2 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Lower half Upper half
Step 4: Median
Find .
Exclude the middle quartile value (median).
The arranged set is divided into two equal groups in
either side of the median:
a lower half and an upper half.
The lower quartile is the middle number of the lower
half:
Therefore,
Middle numbers
Arranged data: 2 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Lower half Upper half
Step 5: Find
The upper quartile is the middle number of the upper half:
Therefore,
Find Find
The lower quartile, is the middle number The upper quartile, is the middle number
of the lower half with the middle quartile, of the upper half with the middle quartile,
by inspection, . by inspection, .
Summary: Quartiles Value
6
8
10
Method 3: Mendenhall and Sincich Method
Find the quartiles using Mendenhall &
Sincich Method
Step 3: Locate the middle term, of the given data
set arranged in ascending order. Thus,
Step 4: In finding locate its position by using the formula:
, where k is the quartile number and n is the number of values in the
given data set
The obtained value is rounded to the nearest integer
Lower Quartile, L:
The value 2.5 is halfway between 2 and 3, since lower quartile is
the unknown, round it up, thus, 2.5 becomes 3. The location of is
the 3rd value in the arranged data set. Therefore,
Upper Quartile, U:
Middle term
Since 2.5 is a decimal number, interpolation is needed. The actual value is in between
the second and third values corresponding to the 2nd and 3rd positions respectively in the
arranged data.
2 value
nd
3 value
rd
Steps in interpolation:
Step 1:
Subtract: 3rd value – 2nd value : 6 – 4 = 2
5 6 6 5
8 8 8 8
10.5 10 10 10.5
For Even Numbered Set
Given data: 2 4 9 6 14 8 10
7 12 11
Step 1: Arrange in ascending order:
2 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Method 1: Moore & McCabe Method
Find the middle most number/s by inspection.
Middle most numbers
Arranged data: 2 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14
Order Number :
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Value of
The median of an even numbered set is the average of the two middle
most numbers.
The value of
The two halves
excluding the 2 4 6 9 10 11
median 7 half
The lower 8 12 half
The upper 14
Find
Arranged data: 2 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14
Order number: 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
10th
Value of
The median of an even numbered set is the average of the two middle
most numbers.
The value of
Find
Arranged data: 2 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14
Order number:
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Value of
The median of an even numbered set is the average of the
two middle most numbers.
The value of
Find
Arranged data: 2 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
14
Order Number:
1st
Find the location of : 2 nd
3 rd
4 th
5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
1 (10+1) 1(11) 11
𝑄1 = = = =2.75 ≈ 3 (𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑡𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 )
4 4 4
Thus, is the 3rd term in the arranged data set:
Find the location of :
Arranged data: 2 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
14
Order number:
1 st
2 nd
3
3(10
rd
4 th
+1)
5 th
6
3 (11)
th
7 th
833
th
9 th
10 th
Find the position of 𝑄 3= = = = 8.25
4 4 4
The value of is in between the 8th and 9th values in the arranged data,
that is in between 11 and 12
Step 1: Subtract: 12 – 11 = 1
Step 2: Multiply: ( 0.25 ) ( 1 ) = 0.25
Step 3: Add: 11 + 0.25 = 11.25
Illustration:
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th
Step 2: Indicate the order number of each value in the
arranged data.
Formula:
The nearest integer to 6.4 is 6, thus is the 6th term or the 6th value in
the arranged data.
Thus, = 75.
Find the position of
The nearest integer to 11.2 is 11, thus is the 11th term or the 11th
value in the arranged data.
Thus, = 85.
C. Percentiles
Illustration:
Formula:
Use the formula in finding the position of percentiles:
Example
Suppose, the Math grades of 15 students are:
67, 98, 81, 76, 71, 85, 56, 95, 85, 64, 92, 63, 75, 83, 77
Find: a. 40th percentile or
b. 75th percentile or
Solution:
Step 1: Arrange the data in ascending order
56, 63, 64, 67, 71, 75, 76, 77, 81, 83, 85, 85, 92, 95, 98
Step 2: Write the order number of each value in the data set.
56, 63, 64, 67, 71, 75, 76, 77, 81, 83, 85, 85, 92, 95, 98
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Solution using
Arranged data: 56, 63, 64, 67, 71, 75, 76, 77, 81, 83, 85, 85, 92, 95, 98
Order Number: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Solve for the position of
The nearest integer to 6.4 is 6, thus is the 6th term or the 6th value in the
arranged data.
Thus, = 75.
Find the position of
The position value is 12 thus is the 12th term or the 12th value in the
arranged data.
Thus, = 85.
Comparison of Quartiles, Deciles and
Percentiles
Measures of Position for a Grouped Data
46 – 50 4 45.5 45 41 + 4
41 – 45 6 40.5 41 35 + 6
36 – 40 10 35.5 35 25 + 10
31 - 35 8 30.5 25 17 + 8
26 - 30 12 25.5 17 5 + 12
21 – 25 5 20.5 5
i=5
46 – 50 4 45.5 45
41 – 45 6 40.5 41
36 – 40 10 35.5 35 𝑄 3 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 (26 th −35 th score)
31 - 35 8 30.5 25 𝑄 2 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 (18 𝑡h −25 𝑡h 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒)
= 11.25th 26 - 30 12 25.5 17 𝑄1 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠( 6 𝑡h −17 𝑡h 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒)
score 21 – 25 5 20.5 5
i=5
Formula: 46 – 50 4 45.5 45
Find : 41 – 45 6 40.5 41
36 – 40 10 35.5 35
31 - 35 8 30.5 25
26 - 30 12 25.5 17
21 – 25 5 20.5 5
0.6875(5) i=5
.4375
𝑄 2 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 : { }{ }
𝑁
2
=
45
2
=22.5 𝑡h 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒
Scores Frequency Lower Cumulative
Determine Boundaries Frequency
(LB) (Less Than)
Formula:
46 – 50 4 45.5 45
Find : 41 – 45 6 40.5 41
36 – 40 10 35.5 35
31 - 35 8 30.5 25
26 - 30 12 25.5 17
21 – 25 5 20.5 5
0.875(5)
i=5
Formula:
i=5
=
=
= 13.5th score data
Scores Frequency Lower Cumulative
Determine Boundaries
(LB)
Frequency
(Less Than) /
46 – 50 4 45.5 45
Formula: 41 – 45 6 40.5 41
36 – 40 10 35.5 35
31 - 35 8 30.5 25
26 - 30 12 25.5 17
21 – 25 5 20.5 5
i=5
=
=
= 36th score
data
Percentile for Grouped Data
= 46 – 50 4 45.5 45
= 20.25 41 – 45 6 40.5 41 𝑃 90 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
36 – 40 10 35.5 35
31 - 35 8 30.5 25 𝑃 45 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
26 - 30 12 25.5 17
=
= 40.5 21 – 25 5 20.5 5
i=5
Scores Frequency Lower Cumulative
Formula: Boundaries
(LB)
Frequency
(Less
Than) /
Calculate for :
46 – 50 4 45.5 45
41 – 45 6 40.5 41
36 – 40 10 35.5 35
31 - 35 8 30.5 25
26 - 30
𝑃 45 =30.5+(0.40625) 12 25.5 17
21 – 25 5 20.5 5
𝑃 45 =30.5+2.03 i=5
Scores Frequen- Lower Cumulati-
Formula: cy ve
Boundar Frequency
ies (LB) (Less
Than) /
Calculate for :
46 – 50 4 45.5 45
41 – 45 6 40.5 41
36 – 40 10 35.5 35
31 - 35 8 30.5 25
26 - 30 12 25.5 17
𝑷 𝟗𝟎=𝟒𝟎 . 𝟓+(𝟎 .𝟗𝟏𝟕)𝟓21 – 25 5 20.5 5
i=5
– Ritu Ghatourey
Life
is full of chances and choices, make the
most of what life has to offer. I wish you well,
and may God bless you abundantly.
Margelyn A. Olohoy
Math Teacher