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The Great Divide

Here are the stages of mitosis in the correct sequence: 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase The cell shown is in Prophase. You can tell because the chromosomes have condensed and are visible, the nuclear envelope has dissolved, and the centrioles have moved to opposite poles to begin forming the mitotic spindle.

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Christopher Joseph
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19 views

The Great Divide

Here are the stages of mitosis in the correct sequence: 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase The cell shown is in Prophase. You can tell because the chromosomes have condensed and are visible, the nuclear envelope has dissolved, and the centrioles have moved to opposite poles to begin forming the mitotic spindle.

Uploaded by

Christopher Joseph
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Great Divide

05/04
DO NOW…
THINK:
 How many cells are you composed of?
 When an organism grows bigger do you get more
cells or just bigger cells or both?
 When do your cells divide the fastest? Slowest?
 Do cells ever stop dividing?
Why Would a Cell Divide?
 As cells absorb nutrients and get larger, the volume of
the cell increases, and a cell can no longer absorb
nutrients and get rid of wastes fast enough.
 So what’s a cell to do?

 Solution: divide in 2!
When Would a Cell Divide?
 Growth
 Repair or Replacement
 Cancer

Different cells divide at different rates:


 Most mammalian cells = 12-24 hours
 Some bacterial cells = 20-30 minutes
Getting Older…
 All cells are only allowed to complete a certain
number of divisions
 Then they die (programmed cell death)

How does cell division change over a lifetime?


 Childhood = cell division > cell death
 Adulthood = cell division = cell death
 The Later Years = cell division < cell death
The Cell Cycle
Stages of the Cell Cycle
 2 stages = interphase (growth & replication of DNA) &
mitotic phase (division of cell into 2 daughter cells)

 Cell spends about


90% of the time
in interphase
Interphase
 Divided into 3 phases:
 G1 (1st gap) = small cell is absorbing
nutrients, growing & making proteins
 S (synthesis) = cell is continuing
to grow & duplicates its DNA (i.e.
chromosomes) in preparation for making
duplicate cells during mitosis
 G2 (2nd gap) = cell keeps grow-
ing & making proteins; it grows
too big…solution = divide in 2
The Mitotic Phase
 Equal distribution of chromosomes (DNA) into 2 identical
daughter cells
 Divided into 4 stages of Mitosis:
 Prophase
 Metaphase
 Anaphase
 Telophase

 Cytokinesis
Prophase
 DNA condenses (gets shorter &
thicker) so they are now visible
 Appear as sister chromatids
 Nuclear membrane dissolves
 The centrioles move to opposite
poles & spindle fibers form
between them

 http://www.biostudio.com/demo_freeman_dna_coiling.htm
Metaphase
 Chromosomes
line-up along the
center and attach
to the spindle
fibers
Anaphase
 Sister chromatids are
pulled away from one
another towards the poles
Telophase

 The chromosomes
reach the poles
 Nuclear membranes
form around the 2
new nuclei
Cytokinesis
 The cytoplasm
distributed equally
between the 2 new cells
 In animals, a cleavage
furrow forms from Animal Plant
outside in
 In plants, a cell plate
forms from inside out
What Mitosis Actually Looks Like

Interphase
Prophase Metaphase

Telophase
Anaphase
http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/multimedia/mitosis/mitosis_gif2.html
http://science.nhmccd.edu/biol/bio1int.htm
What Happens After Mitosis?
 The cell returns
to interphase
 Chromosomes
uncoil back into
thin strands of
DNA
 The cycle
repeats itself
over & over…
At What Stage Are Our Cells At In The Cell Cycle?

 Different cells can be


in different stages
 Interphase
 Mitosis:
 Prophase
 Metaphase
 Anaphase
 Telophase
 Cytokinesis
Can You Identify the Stages of Mitosis?

Put the
following
mitosis stages
in the correct
sequence
Identify the phase in the following
18 cells:

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