Types of Waves - Sem
Types of Waves - Sem
Types of Waves - Sem
DESCRIPTION
By
T.Srikanth
Introduction :--
Seismic waves are propagating vibrations that carry energy from
the source of the shaking outward in all directions. You can picture this
concept by recalling the circular waves that spread over the surface of a
pond when a stone is thrown into the water. An earthquake is a more
complicated process than a stone splashing into water, and the seismic
waves that are set up during an earthquake are more varied than those
on the pond.
There are many different seismic waves, but all
of basically of four types:--
a P-wave velocity
k represent the bulk modulus of a material
r the density
m the shear-modulus
As a P-wave passes the ground is vibrated in
the direction that the wave is propagating.
S-Waves :--
•We can use the fact that P and S waves travel at different
speeds to locate earthquakes.
•which equals
distance from earthquake * ( 1/ (S-wave speed) - 1 /
(P-wave speed) )
•S-waves travel about 3.45 km/s and the P-waves around 8 km/s.
Using the "S minus P arrival time" to locate an earthquake. You need at
least three stations and some idea of the P and S velocities between the
earthquake and the seismometers.
Love Waves :--
1. Refraction
2. Reflection
3. Dispersion
4. Diffraction
5. Attenuation
P-Waves in Earth
The paths of P-wave energy for a shallow earthquake located at the top of the
diagram. The main chemical shells of Earth are shown by different colors and regions
with relatively abrupt velocity changes are shown by dashed lines. The curves show
the paths of waves, and the lines crossing the rays show mark the wavefront at one
minute intervals.