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    Multiple Births - Embryology of Twinning

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    tawandarukwavamadison
    This document discusses multiple births, including the embryology and types of twins. It begins by explaining fertilization and implantation. There are two types of twins - identical and fraternal. Identical twins result from one zygote splitting into two embryos, while fraternal twins develop from two separate eggs fertilized by two sperm. Identical twins may share one or two placentas and amniotic sacs. In rare cases they may share the same amniotic sac. Fraternal twins each have their own placenta, amnion and chorionic sac. The document also discusses conditions like twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and different types of conjoined twins.

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    Multiple Births - Embryology of Twinning

    Uploaded by

    tawandarukwavamadison
    18 views24 pages
    This document discusses multiple births, including the embryology and types of twins. It begins by explaining fertilization and implantation. There are two types of twins - identical and fraternal. Identical twins result from one zygote splitting into two embryos, while fraternal twins develop from two separate eggs fertilized by two sperm. Identical twins may share one or two placentas and amniotic sacs. In rare cases they may share the same amniotic sac. Fraternal twins each have their own placenta, amnion and chorionic sac. The document also discusses conditions like twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and different types of conjoined twins.

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    9. Multiple Births - Embryology of Twinning (1) (2)

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    This document discusses multiple births, including the embryology and types of twins. It begins by explaining fertilization and implantation. There are two types of twins - identical and fraternal. Identical twins result from one zygote splitting into two embryos, while fraternal twins develop from two separate eggs fertilized by two sperm. Identical twins may share one or two placentas and amniotic sacs. In rare cases they may share the same amniotic sac. Fraternal twins each have their own placenta, amnion and chorionic sac. The document also discusses conditions like twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and different types of conjoined twins.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views24 pages

    Multiple Births - Embryology of Twinning

    Uploaded by

    tawandarukwavamadison
    This document discusses multiple births, including the embryology and types of twins. It begins by explaining fertilization and implantation. There are two types of twins - identical and fraternal. Identical twins result from one zygote splitting into two embryos, while fraternal twins develop from two separate eggs fertilized by two sperm. Identical twins may share one or two placentas and amniotic sacs. In rare cases they may share the same amniotic sac. Fraternal twins each have their own placenta, amnion and chorionic sac. The document also discusses conditions like twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and different types of conjoined twins.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Multiple Births:

    Embryology of Twinning

    Mr Mickey Banda
    Learning Objectives
    • Understand fertilization and implantation
    • Know different types of multiple births
    • Explain the details of monozygotic twins
    • Explain the details of dizygotic twins
    • Understand different types of placentations
    • Explain some clinical correlates of multiple births
    Multiple Births
    Fertilization
    Fertilization
    Multiple Births
    • More multiple births today in part because more
    women are receiving infertility treatment (risk of
    multiple pregnancy)
    • Older women are more likely than younger women to
    get pregnant with multiples
    Multiple Births
    Superfecundation
    Fertilization of two different ova released in the
    same cycle

    Superfetation
    Fertilization of two ova released in different cycles
    Twinning
    • Most common of the multiple births
    • There are two types of twins: identical
    and fraternal (non-identical)
    Identical twins
    • Results from fertilization of 1 sperm and 1
    secondary oocyte, divides into two embryos.
    • The resulting zygote forms a blastocyst in which
    the inner cell mass (embryoblast) splits into two.
    • Each embryo is monozygotic
    • In 65% of cases, monozygotic (identical) twins have
    one placenta, two amniotic sacs, and one chorion
    (i.e., a diamnionic-monochorionic membrane).
    • Genetically identical, and both will be the same sex
    Identical twins
    • Depending on when the division
    occurs, identical twins may have
    separate placentas and gestational
    sacs
    • Or they may share a single placenta
    but have separate sacs.
    Identical twins
    • In rare cases, identical twins may be in
    the same amniotic sac
    The “Vanishing Twin Syndrome”
    • Very early in a twin pregnancy, one of the
    fetuses “disappears.”
    • Spontaneous loss of one of the fetuses
    occurs in up to 20% of twin pregnancies
    • When a fetus is lost in the first trimester, the
    remaining fetus or fetuses generally
    continue to develop normally, although
    vaginal bleeding may occur.
    A=dichorionic diamniotic
    pregnancy.
    B=monochorionic
    pregnancy.
    C=monochorionic
    monoamniotic pregnancy.
    Dizygotic twinning
    • Result from 2 eggs fertilised by 2 sperm.
    • Same or opposite sex
    • The resulting two zygotes form two
    blastocysts
    • The blastocysts implant individually in the
    endometrium of the uterus
    • Different genetic features
    • Usually each develops its own placenta,
    amnion, and chorionic sac (i.e., a diamnionic-
    dichorionic membrane)
    Dizygotic twinning
    • Occasionally, each dizygotic twin
    possesses red blood cells of two
    different types (erythrocyte
    mosaicism)
    • This indicates fusion of the two
    placentas was so intimate that red
    cells were exchanged
    Twin to twin transfusion syndrome
    • A condition affecting identical twins or
    other multiples
    • Twins share unequal amounts of the
    placenta's blood supply
    • An imbalance in the blood flow
    between identical twins who share one
    placenta known as monochorionic
    twins
    Conjoined twins: Cephalopagus

    Conjoined (Siamese) twins


    • form exactly like
    monozygotic twins except
    that the inner cell mass
    (embryoblast) does not
    completely split
    • Hence, two embryos form,
    but they are joined by tissue
    bridges at various regions of
    the body (e.g., head, thorax,
    or pelvis).
    Thoracopagus
    Omphalopagus
    Conjoined twins: Parapagus
    Caudal/ ischiopagus
    The End
    Thank you!

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