Dambi Dollo University

Department of Architecture
Lecture on : Building Information modelling (BIM)
By: Debela Lemessa (BSc)
BUILDING
INFORMATION
MODELLING
(BIM)
LECTURE-01
What is BIM?
The foundation of BIM (Building Information Model) is a digital 3D
model of the building. It consists of walls, slabs, roofs, doors, windows
and such, just like the real building.
In BIM we also assign invisible data (metadata) to the model’s digital
elements, such as structural function, fire resistance value, acoustic
performance value, thermal transmittance, price, weight, product
information, etc.
The model and the metadata together build a complex database we call
BIM.

Source: https://graphisoft.com
What is BIM used for?

BIM is used for creating and managing data during the design,
construction, and operations process. BIM integrates multi-disciplinary
data to create detailed digital representations that are managed in an
open cloud platform for real-time collaboration.
Using BIM gives you greater visibility, better decision-making, more
sustainable options, and cost-savings on architecture, engineering, and
construction (AEC) projects

Source: https://www.autodesk.com
 What is the process of BIM?
The process of BIM supports the creation of intelligent data that can be used
throughout the lifecycle of a building or infrastructure project.
Plan Design build Operate

Inform project planning Conceptual design, Fabrication begins BIM data carries over to
by combining reality analysis, detailing, and using BIM operations and
capture and real-world documentation are specifications. Project maintenance of finished
data to generate context performed. The construction logistics assets. BIM data can be
models of the existing preconstruction process are shared with trades used down the road for
built and natural begins using BIM data and contractors to cost-effective renovation
environment. to inform scheduling ensure optimum timing or efficient
and logistics. and efficiency. deconstruction.

Source: https://www.autodesk.com
 Cont…
BIM (Building Information
Modeling)
is a methodology that
allows architects to create
digital design simulations to
manage all the information
associated with an
architectural project.

Source:https: //www.archdaily.com
 The Impact of BIM on design from four viewpoints:

• Conceptual design typically includes resolution of siting, building

orientation and massing, satisfaction of the building program, address­ing
sustainability and energy issues, construction and possibly operating costs
and sometimes issues requiring design innovation. BIM poten­tially supports
much greater integration and feedback for early design decisions.
The integration of engineering services; BIM supports new information
workflows and integrates them more closely with existing simulation and
analysis tools used by consultants.
Construction level modeling includes detailing, specifications and cost
estimation. This is the base strength of BIM.
Design-construction integration addressing the scope of innovation that
can potentially be achieved through a collaborative design-construction
process, such as with the design-build procurement model.

Source: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors. By:
Chuck Eastman ,Paul Teicholz, Rafael Sacks, Kathleen Liston
 Description of BIM Dimension.
3D BIM forms the foundation of the BIM process. It encompasses generating a
digital model that accurately depicts the physical and functional elements of a
building or infrastructure project in three dimensions, such as length, width, and
height. The 3D BIM model consists of intelligent objects or components that
have properties and relationships, enabling stakeholders to gain a visual
understanding and conduct analysis of the building elements in a virtual
environment.
4D BIM introduces the element of time into the 3D BIM model. It incorporates
the construction sequencing and scheduling information, allowing stakeholders
to visualize the project's progression over time. With 4D BIM, the model
becomes a time-based simulation, providing insights into the construction
sequence, potential clashes, and project planning.

Source: Adaptation 4D and 5D BIM for BIM/GIS data integration in construction project management , by: Wan Nor Fa’aizah
Wan Abdul Basir*1, Uznir Ujang1 and Zulkepli Majid1
 5D BIM introduces the dimension of cost to the 3D and 4D BIM model. It
integrates cost data with the 3D model and construction schedule, enabling
stakeholders to visualize and manage the project's cost throughout its
lifecycle. With 5D BIM, the model becomes a dynamic cost estimation and
management tool.
6D BIM adds the dimension of sustainability and environmental data to the
3D, 4D, and 5D BIM model. It involves the incorporation of information
related to energy performance, life-cycle analysis, and other sustainable
aspects of the building. 6D BIM assists in making informed decisions
regarding the project's environmental impact and sustainability goals.
7D BIM extends BIM model to include data associated to facility
management and operations. It integrates information on maintenance
schedules, asset management, and other operational data to support the
facility's lifecycle after construction is complete. 7D BIM aids in optimizing
building performance, maintenance, and facility operations.

Source: Adaptation 4D and 5D BIM for BIM/GIS data integration in construction project management , byWan Nor Fa’aizah
Wan Abdul Basir*1, Uznir Ujang1 and Zulkepli Majid1
 BIM adoption in developing countries

Several construction organizations, professional associations, and government

agencies have advocated the use of BIM in the AEC industry to improve project
management and facilitate coordination among stakeholders in construction projects.
Although the extent of BIM implementation varies around the world, developed
nations such as the United States ,Australia, and few European countries have led
to the rapid diffusion of BIM across the AEC industry. These countries in particular
utilized several in-depth research projects and strategies in certain knowledge areas
to ensure effective adoption in both the public and private sectors.
In recent years, however, several developing countries have been trying to catch up
and improve the current level of BIM uptake across the construction industry.

Source: Enhancing BIM implementation in the Ethiopian public construction sector: An empirical study. BY: Solomon Belay1*,
James Goedert2, Asregedew Woldesenbet2 and Saeed Rokooei3
 Indeed, the potential benefits such as, improved architectural,
collaboration among parties, and effective asset management are some
of the major driving factors that persuade BIM adoption in these
construction markets.
In contrast, prior studies also highlighted challenges and barriers of BIM
adoption in low-income countries, despite the efforts by governments
and respective stakeholders in the construction sector. These hindrances
are ranging from problems associated with low IT infrastructure,
financial competency of construction firms, poor collaboration, lack
of BIM courses in universities, and cultural barriers.
Globally, most BIM related empirical studies in developing countries
have been centered on three themes: (1) BIM benefits, (2) BIM barriers,
and (3) BIM readiness.

Source: Enhancing BIM implementation in the Ethiopian public construction sector: An empirical study. BY: Solomon Belay1*,
James Goedert2, Asregedew Woldesenbet2 and Saeed Rokooei3
 Why Is BIM Important?
With the added complexity, architects, owners, and contractors have all had to
adapt to these changes. These layers have required more documentation on the
part of the architect to design the project, with many more sheets and details
added to the drawing sets.
Over the past 100 years, the design and building industry has changed
dramatically. Buildings have become much more complex with many more
interrelated and integrated systems. During this period, we have added a number
of building systems and other layers of design that either didn’t exist to the same
level of complexity they did before or simply didn’t exist at all.
If you consider the modern office building, in the last 100 years, we’ve added
data and telecom, air conditioning, security, sustainability, underground
parking, and enhancements to building envelopes, to name just a few
specialties.

Source: Green BIM: Successful Sustainable Design with Building Information Modeling. By: Eddy Krygiel,B r a d l e y
Nies
 Why Is BIM Important?

Source: Green BIM: Successful Sustainable Design with Building Information Modeling. By: Eddy Krygiel,B r a d l e y
Nies
Cont…
With the added complexity, architects, owners, and contractors have all had to
adapt to these changes. These layers have required more documentation on the
part of the architect to design the project, with many more sheets and details
added to the drawing sets. This has in turn demanded more time to coordinate all
of these systems, coordinate and manage the additional trades and installers on
site for the contractor, and demanded a more knowledgeable staff to maintain
these systems on the part of the owner.
These increases in specialization, scale, and complexity have added time and
cost to the process and lifecycle of the building. These and other factors have led
to an overall decline in building performance and an increase in energy
consumption.
The construction industry’s material use was fairly steady until the post–World
War II era. After this timeframe, material use rises to an alarming level.
 Why Is BIM Important?

Source: Green BIM: Successful Sustainable Design with Building Information Modeling. By: Eddy Krygiel,B r a d l e y
Nies
Question?
quiz
What is BIM?
What is the difference between AutoCAD and BIM?