DRRR Lesson 9

Earthquake Hazards and Risk
Reduction Methods
Learning Competency
Identify various potential earthquake hazards.

DRR11/12-If-g-17
Analyze the effects of the different earthquake
hazards. DRR11/12-If-g-19
What do you think is the
deadliest earthquake in the
world?
Earthquake
 An earthquake is a sudden shaking movement of the

surface of the earth. It is known as a quake, trembler or
tremor. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are
so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to
toss people around and destroy whole cities. The
seismicity or seismic activity of an area refers to the
frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a
period of time.
Earthquake
 Earthquakes occur within the Philippine Archipelago

every now and then mainly because the country is situated
along two major tectonic plates of the world –the Pacific
Plates and the Eurasian Plates.
 The Philippine Archipelago occupies the western rim of
the Pacific Ocean (Western Segment of the Pacific Ring /
Rim of Fire), a most active part of the earth that is
characterized by an ocean-encircling belt of active
volcanoes and earthquake generators (fault lines).
Earthquake Hazards
 Itrefer to earthquake agents which have the potential to

cause harm to a vulnerable targets which can either be
humans, animals or even your environment.
FBSUIRVBLF JOEVDFE MBOETMJEFT
Downslope movement of rocks, soil

and other debris commonly triggered
by strong shaking.
EARTHQUAKE INDUCED LANDSLIDES

EARTHQUAKE INDUCED
LANDSLIDES
 Seismic vibration is a common triggering
mechanism for landslides. Landslides can have
particularly devastating effects like floods,
blocking of rivers, death, and damage to land and
natural resources. Landslides can be prevented by
reinforcing slope material, modifying the pathway
for surface and underwater and by putting piles and
retaining walls.
UTVOBNJ
Series of waves caused commonly by
an earthquake under the sea.
TSUNAMI
TSUNAMI
A tsunami is a huge sea wave triggered by a violent
displacement of the ocean floor. Underwater earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions or landslides can cause tsunami. As it
approaches a shallow coastline, its speed decreased, but the
height of the tsunami increases drastically, bringing so much
damage to nearby communities. Tsunamis can also
overwhelm sewage systems, destroy structures and kill
people.
MJRVFGBDUJPO
Phenomenon wherein sediments,
especially near bodies of water, behave
like liquid similar to a quick sand.
LIQUEFACTION
LIQUEFACTION
 Earthquake motion can turn loosely packed, water-
saturated soil to liquid— "liquefaction.” Liquefied soil
becomes less compact and ultimately lose the ability to
support roads, buried pipes, and, of course, houses. It is
caused by vibration or saturation with water which causes
the soil to decrease in density. This poses danger for it lead
to unstable structures of buildings due to ground
subsidence.
HSPVOE SVQUVSF
Deformation on the ground that marks
the interaction of the fault with the
earth’s surface.
GROUND RUPTURE
GROUND RUPTURE
 An earthquake can push and pull the ground,
tearing the surface and pushing the ground apart
and upward. A ground rupture/surface rupture may
occur suddenly during an earthquake, or it can
happen more slowly.
GJSF
A state, process, or instance of combustion
in which fuel or other material is ignited
and combined with oxygen, giving off
light, heat, and flame.
FIRE
FIRE
 Earthquakes cause fires. Even moderate ground
shaking can break gas and electrical lines, sever
fuel lines, and overturn stoves. To further
complicate things, water pipes rupture, so it would
be impossible to extinguish the fire.
Most commonly used methods of reducing
earthquake risks
 Effective recording and interpretation of ground
motion
 Constructing seismic hazard maps
 Developing resistant structures
Effective Recording and Interpretation of Ground
Motion
 This can be done by effective instrumentation in order to
determine the location, strength and frequency of
earthquakes. This assists in providing alerts and warnings
especially to high-risk or vulnerable areas for preparation
and emergency response.
Constructing Seismic Hazard Maps
A seismic hazard map shows the potential hazards in a

given area. In many regions in our country, seismic
expectancy maps or hazard maps are now available for
planning purposes. It serves as basis for disaster
management information like locations for evacuation and
evacuation 9 routes. The anticipated intensity of ground
shaking is represented by a number called the peak
acceleration or the peak velocity.
Developing Resistant Structures
 Resistant structures are able to withstand collapse by

redistributing forces caused by seismic waves through
shear walls. Developing engineered structural designs that
are able to resist the forces generated by seismic waves
can be achieved either by following building codes based
on hazard maps or by appropriate methods of analysis.
PERFORMANCE TASK
 From the discussion of earthquake hazard, you are

required to create a BROCHURE containing the
possible ways on how to maintain safety during an
impending disaster like earthquake. Make your
output creative and give a brief description for
each action to be considered.
THANK YOU!

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Earthquake Hazards and Risk

Identify various potential earthquake hazards.

 An earthquake is a sudden shaking movement of the

 Earthquakes occur within the Philippine Archipelago

 Itrefer to earthquake agents which have the potential to

Downslope movement of rocks, soil

EARTHQUAKE INDUCED LANDSLIDES

A seismic hazard map shows the potential hazards in a

 Resistant structures are able to withstand collapse by

 From the discussion of earthquake hazard, you are

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