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    Biostatistics - Lecture - Hypothesis Testing

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    Jake Miller
    The document discusses hypothesis testing and statistical errors. It describes the key elements of a hypothesis test as the null hypothesis (H0), alternative hypothesis (HA), test statistic, and rejection region. The steps for conducting a hypothesis test are outlined. Broad classifications of hypothesis tests include tests of association and tests of differences for means and proportions. Parametric and non-parametric tests are also distinguished. Summaries of hypothesis tests for differences are provided for one sample and two independent samples applications.

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    Biostatistics - Lecture - Hypothesis Testing

    Uploaded by

    Jake Miller
    40 views10 pages
    The document discusses hypothesis testing and statistical errors. It describes the key elements of a hypothesis test as the null hypothesis (H0), alternative hypothesis (HA), test statistic, and rejection region. The steps for conducting a hypothesis test are outlined. Broad classifications of hypothesis tests include tests of association and tests of differences for means and proportions. Parametric and non-parametric tests are also distinguished. Summaries of hypothesis tests for differences are provided for one sample and two independent samples applications.

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    Biostatistics_Lecture - Hypothesis testing

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    The document discusses hypothesis testing and statistical errors. It describes the key elements of a hypothesis test as the null hypothesis (H0), alternative hypothesis (HA), test statistic, and rejection region. The steps for conducting a hypothesis test are outlined. Broad classifications of hypothesis tests include tests of association and tests of differences for means and proportions. Parametric and non-parametric tests are also distinguished. Summaries of hypothesis tests for differences are provided for one sample and two independent samples applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    40 views10 pages

    Biostatistics - Lecture - Hypothesis Testing

    Uploaded by

    Jake Miller
    The document discusses hypothesis testing and statistical errors. It describes the key elements of a hypothesis test as the null hypothesis (H0), alternative hypothesis (HA), test statistic, and rejection region. The steps for conducting a hypothesis test are outlined. Broad classifications of hypothesis tests include tests of association and tests of differences for means and proportions. Parametric and non-parametric tests are also distinguished. Summaries of hypothesis tests for differences are provided for one sample and two independent samples applications.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Biostatistics I

    Dr. Ugochukwu U. Onyeonoro, FMCPH


    Federal Medical Center,
    Umuahia, Abia State
    Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course
    1 2022 03/12/24
    Hypothesis Testing
    The goal is make statement(s) regarding unknown
    population parameter values based on sample data
    Elements of a hypothesis test:
    Null hypothesis (H0) - Statement regarding the
    value(s) of unknown parameter(s). It is a
    statement of the status quo, one of no difference
    or no effect (will always contain an equality).
    H0: 1-2 = 0

    Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course


    2 2022 03/12/24
    Hypothesis Testing
    Alternative hypothesis (HA)- Statement contradictory to
    the null hypothesis (It is one in which some difference
    expected (will always contain an inequality) HA: 1-2 
    0
    Test statistic - Quantity based on sample data and null
    hypothesis used to test between null and alternative
    hypotheses
    Rejection region - Values of the test statistic for which
    we reject the null in favor of the alternative hypothesis
    Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course
    3 2022 03/12/24
    Steps for Hypothesis Testing
    Formulate H0 and H1

    Select Appropriate Test

    Choose Level of Significance

    Calculate Test Statistic TSCAL

    Determine Prob Assoc with Test Determine Critical Value of Test Stat
    Stat TSCR

    Determine if TSCR
    Compare with Level of
    Significance,  falls into (Non) Rejection Region

    Reject/Do not Reject H0

    Draw Conclusion

    4 Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course 2022 03/12/24


    Statistical Error
    Type I Error
    Occurs if the null hypothesis is rejected when it is in
    fact true.
    The probability of type I error ( α ) is also called the
    level of significance.
    Type II Error
    Occurs if the null hypothesis is not rejected when it is
    in fact false. The probability of type II error is denoted
    by β
    Unlike α, which is specified by the researcher, the
    magnitude of β depends on the actual value of the
    5
    population parameter (proportion). 03/12/24
    Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course 2022
    Broad Classification of Hyp Tests

    Hypothesis Tests

    Tests of Tests of
    Association Differences

    Means Proportions Means Proportions

    6 Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course 2022 03/12/24


    Hypothesis ttT
    Hypothesis Tests

    Parametric Tests Non-parametric Tests


    (Metric) (Nonmetric)

    One Sample Two or More


    Samples
    * t test
    * Z test
    Independent
    Samples
    * Two-Group t * Paired
    test t test
    * Z test

    Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course


    7 2022 03/12/24
    Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course
    8 2022 03/12/24
    Summary of Hypothesis Tests
    for Differences

    Sample Application Level of Scaling Test/Comments

    One Sample Proportion Metric Z test

    One Sample Means Metric t test, if variance is unknown


    z test, if variance is known

    Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course


    9 2022 03/12/24
    Summary of Hypothesis Tests for
    Differences
    Two Indep Samples
    Application Scaling Test/Comments

    test for equality of


    Two indep Means Metric Two -group t test
    samples F
    variances
    Chi
    Two indep Proportions Metri z - square test
    samples c
    Nonmetric test

    Dr. Ugochukwu Onyeonoro NPMCN Revision Course


    10 2022 03/12/24

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