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GOOD
AFTERNOON
CLASS!
MUSIC OF INDIA
India is known as the "land of spirituality
and philosophy." This is the birthplace of
some major religions that exist in the world
like Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and
Sikhism.
Its musical traditions are deeply rooted in
ancient customs. Their cultures and traditions
are very rich in terms of religious ceremonies,
theatrical performances, dances, and festivals.
Their theatrical music and dance convey a
religious meaning. Indians perform during
religious services and festivals.
Indian Music Elements
The elements of Indian music are very distinct

compared with other countries' music. A unique
sound will give the listener its individuality in
terms of its quality and characteristics.
Performers are required to improvise music based on
two major elements, the raga (melody) and the tala
(rhythm). This is a precomposed strict rhythm with
tala. The timbre of voices is very nasal. This uses the
melismatic style as one aspect of singing. Usually, this
is accompanied by a sitar, a stringed instrument,
which produces a unique texture.
Average speed = distance traveled/total time in
covering the distance
SI unit of speed: meter/second or m/s
The bar above S is a common way of representing

an average measurement d means distance while t is
time.
1. Raga- meaning "to please," is based on
traditional melodic patterns of five to nine
tones, on which melodies are formed.
The smallest interval perceptible to the ear is
called shruti. In Western music, this is called
microtones. The performer chooses first a
particular raga before making improvisations
of the melody.
• When arranged in ascending order of their notes, the
Ragas are in an aroh pattern.
• When the notes are arranged in a descending fashion,
they are in an avaroh pattern.
2. Tala- which means "clap" or "rhythm," is the
arrangement of beat patterns arranged in groups. A
tala of ten beats, for example, might be performed
in the pattern 3+2+3+2 or 2+3+2+3. The tempo
has three basic types: slow, medium, and fast.
Indian music has two forms, the open and the
closed. Open forms have no distinct start or end,
have an unpredictable rhythmic structure, and a
relaxed tempo, while closed forms show
noticeably obvious start and finish structure and
follow the rules of the tala.
India's vocal music is a way to express deep
devotion to God. This includes Carnatic and
Hindustanic music. Folk song started with
devotional songs. Later on, it developed as songs
about the day-to-day living/experiences of human
life including the socio-economic condition and
love.
INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC
Even if the voice carries the greatest important tone
color of Indian music, at least five hundred
traditional musical instruments give importance.
Here are. the different Indian traditional instruments
are classified according to Hornbostel-Sachs
System:
AEROPHONE
Shehnai - This is made of wood with a metal flare
bell at the end.
George Harrison of the Beatles used a sitar in the
song "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)." It
was released in the 1965 album Rubber Soul.
CHORDOPHONE
Tanpura or Tanpuri - This is a
four- or five-string long-necked
lute instrument that provides
the melody and the drone effect
that presents the music to its
tonic or home key tone.
Sitar - This is a plucked lute
instrument with adjustable
metal frets that may be tied to
the fingerboard in the
positions of a particular raga.
This has thin wires under the
frets that gives a vibrating
sound. Ravi Shankar is a
famous Indian sitar player.
Veena or Vina - This has three melodic strings
and three drone strings. This is famous in the
southern part of India.
IDIOPHONE
Jal Tarang- This
consists of a set of
tuned ceramic bowls.
The bowls are struck
by a beater to produce
a watery sound.
MEMBRANOPHONE
Tabla- is a two-drum
instrument; one drum is
tuned to the tonic or key
tone while the other
creates a variety of tones
and timbres. This plays
the tala part.
Mridangam - This is a
two- headed drum laid
across the lap of the
player. This is played by
striking both ends
covered with animal
skin. This plays the tala
part.
LET’S
RECALL!
Mridangam
Shehnai
Tabla
Jal Tarang
Veena or Vina
SITAR
Tanpura or Tanpuri
THANK
YOU!

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GOOD

The elements of Indian music are very distinct

SI unit of speed: meter/second or m/s

The bar above S is a common way of representing

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