1935 Constitution
1935 Constitution
1935 Constitution
COMMONWEALTH
CONSTITUTION
REPH BSFT-1A
IT IS WORTH MENTIONING THAT AFTER THE TREATY OF PARIS,
THE PHILIPPINES WAS SUBJECT TO THE POWER OF THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA, EFFECTIVELY
THE NEW COLONIZERS OF THE COUNTRY.
FROM 1898 TO 1901, THE PHILIPPINES WOULD BE PLACED UNDER
A MILITARY GOVERNMENT UNTIL A CIVIL GOVERNMENT WOULD
BE PUT INTO PLACE.
The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 established a popularly
elected Philippine assembly, granting legislative power to a
bicameral legislature.
Key provisions included a bill of rights for Filipinos and
appointment of non-voting Filipino resident commissioners to the
US House of Representatives.
The Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, also known as Jones Law,
replaced the Philippine Commission with a senate, recognizing
Philippine independence once a stable government was
established.
In 1932, with the efforts of the Filipino independence mission led by
Sergio Osmeña and Manuel Roxas, the United States Congress
passed the Hare - Hawes Cutting Act with the promises of granting
Filipino's independence. the bill was opposed by then Senate
President Manuel L. Quezon and consequently, rejected by the
Philippine Senate.
By 1934, another law, the Tydings- McDuffie Act, also known as the
Philippine Independence Act, was passed by the United States
Congress that provided authority and defined mechanisms for the
establishment of a formal constitution by a constitutional convention.
The members of the convention were elected and held their first
meeting on July 30, 1934 with Claro M. Recto unanimously elected
as president.
The constitution was crafted to meet the
approval of the United States
government, and to ensure that the
United States would live up to its promise
to grant independence to the Philippines.
Primary Source: Preamble of the 1935 Commonwealth
The Philippines, had been a U.S. colony since 1898, following the Spanish-
American War. Over the years, the Filipino people sought greater autonomy
and a path toward independence. In response to this desire, the U.S. Congress
passed the Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934, which laid the groundwork for the
formation of a Philippine Commonwealth government with a ten-year
transition period.
In accordance with the act, a constitutional convention was held in
the Philippines to draft a new constitution. The resulting document,
which was approved by both the Philippine electorate and U.S.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt, established the Commonwealth of
the Philippines on November 15, 1935. Manuel L. Quezon was
elected as the first President of the Philippine Commonwealth.
The 1935 Constitution provided for a strong executive, a unicameral
National Assembly, and an independent judiciary. It also included
provisions for social justice and the promotion of the general welfare
of the people. The Philippine Commonwealth government aimed to
address various social, economic, and political issues in the lead-up
to full independence.
The ten-year transitional period was intended to give the Philippines
time to prepare for full independence. However, World War II
disrupted this timeline, as the country was invaded and occupied by
Japanese forces in 1942. The Philippines was liberated by the U.S.
and Filipino forces in 1944-45.
Resources
Readings in Philippine history: p,75-76 (1935; The Commonwealth Constitution)
https://www.bing.com/search?q=what+was+for+about+the+1935+commonwealth+constitution%3F&qs=n&form=QBRE
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https://www.historycentral.com/asia/CommonwealthPhilippines.html
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