Tech Writ Lesson 8 Citation
Tech Writ Lesson 8 Citation
Tech Writ Lesson 8 Citation
AND REFERENCING
Instruction: On 1/4 Answer Only
a. Unscramble the letter to form proper words
b. Once you are done, look for the words that could possibly be considered as a
source of information and write it down below.
List the group words that could possibly be considered as sources of information
below.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
CITATION:
Why, When
and
What to Cite?
WHY CITE?
To acknowledge the author(s) of the work that you used to write your
paper.
To allow readers to find the original source and learn more about some
aspect that you mentioned only briefly in the document.
Paraphrase
Summarize
Use facts or statistics that are relatively less known or relate directly
to your argument.
APA STYLE: IN-TEXT CITATION BASICS
APA
American Psychological Association
APA format
author-date method of in-text citation.
author’s last name and the year of publication
for the source
Parenthetical citation:
Although he wrote many books about his encounters with various
creatures, Lockhart’s actual experience with these beasts is doubtful
(McGonagall, 1976, p. 11).
Example:
According to Malfoy (1998), the existence of alien lifeforms is
probable.
CITING SHORT QUOTATION
Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the
author’s last name followed by the date of publication in
parentheses.
Example:
According to Jones (1998), “Students often had difficulty using
APA style, especially when it was their first time” (p.119).
CITING SHORT QUOTATION
If the author is not named in the signal phrase,
authors last name, year of publication and page number in
parentheses after the quotation.
Example:
She stated, “Students often had difficulty using APA style”
(Jones, 1998, p.119), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.
CITING LONG QUOTATION
Place direct quotation that are 40 words, or longer, in a free-
standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation
marks.
Example:
Jones’s (1998) study found the following: Students often had
difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing
sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many
students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for
help (p.119).
SUMMARY OR PARAPHRASE
If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make
reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference,
APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the page number (not
required.)
Example:
According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for
first-time learners.
APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones,
1998, p.119).
CITATION
By Author
2 Author
3 or more
Unknown Author
Organization
Two or More Works in the Same Parentheses
Authors With the Same Last Name
Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year
Personal Communication
CITATION
Citing Indirect Sources
Electronic Sources
Unknown Author and Unknown Date
Sources Without Page Numbers
CITING TWO AUTHORS
Example: In-text
Name and Name (Year)
Research by Wegener and Petty (1994) indicates a decrease in the
number of books published each year for the past five years.
Parenthetical
(Name & Name, Year)
There is a decrease in the number of books published each year for
the past five years. (Wegener & Petty, 1994).
CITING THREE OR MORE
Example: In-text
Name et al. (Year)
According to Kernis et al. (1993), there is significant difference in the cancer
rates of people who used sunscreen when compared to those who did not.
Parenthetical
(Name et al. Year)
“There is significant difference in the cancer rates of people who used
sunscreen when compared to those who did not” (Kernis et al., 1993).
Parenthetical
Title of book/article, Year
A similar study was done of students learning to format research
papers ("Using Citations," 2001).
CITING ORGANIZATIONS
If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, include the
abbreviation in brackets the first time the source is cited and then
use only the abbreviation in later citations.
Title, n.d.
Example: Another study of students and research decisions
discovered that students succeeded with tutoring ("Tutoring and
APA," n.d.).
CITING NO PAGE NUMBER
Example: (Hall, 2001, para. 5).