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Prese Nte D by Vija Yala Xmi 1NH02EC053

This document provides an overview of the history and concepts of artificial intelligence (AI). It discusses: 1) The early work in AI and logic during the 1940s-1950s by researchers like Alonzo Church and Alan Turing. 2) Key terms related to AI like intelligence, knowledge, reasoning, and learning. 3) The importance of AI research grew in the late 1970s, with Japan launching a major AI program called the Fifth Generation in 1981. 4) Related fields that contribute to AI include engineering, linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, and philosophy. Fuzzy logic and neural networks are also introduced.

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157 views15 pages

Prese Nte D by Vija Yala Xmi 1NH02EC053

This document provides an overview of the history and concepts of artificial intelligence (AI). It discusses: 1) The early work in AI and logic during the 1940s-1950s by researchers like Alonzo Church and Alan Turing. 2) Key terms related to AI like intelligence, knowledge, reasoning, and learning. 3) The importance of AI research grew in the late 1970s, with Japan launching a major AI program called the Fifth Generation in 1981. 4) Related fields that contribute to AI include engineering, linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, and philosophy. Fuzzy logic and neural networks are also introduced.

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PRESE NTE D BY

VIJA YALA XMI


1NH02EC053
HIS TOR Y

 Began during 1940’s & 1950’s.


 Early work in AI
3. First there was the work of logician such as
Alonzo Church, Kurt Godel, Emil Post and
Alan Turning.
4. They were carrying on earlier work in logic
initiated by Whitehead and Russell, Tarski,
and Kleene which began in 1920’s & 1930’s.
INTRODU CTI ON
 What is AI?
 Motivation.
 An understanding of AI requires an
understanding of related terms such as
4. Intelligence.
5. Knowledge.
6. Reasoning.
7. Thought.
8. Cognition.
9. Learning.
10. A number of computer related terms.
TH E IMPORT ANC E OF
AI
 The importance of AI became apparent
to many of the world’s leading countries
during the late 1970’s.
 The Japanese launched a very ambitious
program in AI research and development
called as Fifth generation in October
1981.
AI REL AT ED F IEL DS

 Fields which are closely related to AI


include Engineering such as electrical
and mechanical engineering, linguistics,
psychology, cognitive science, and
philosophy and also robotics.
 During the past 20 years AI has adopted
models of thinking and learning from
psychology.
INTR ODU CTI ON TO
FUZZY L OG IC
 What is Fuzzy logic (FL)?
 Where did Fuzzy logic came from?
 How does Fuzzy logic work?
What i s F uzzy l ogic?

 FL is a problem-solving control system


methodology.
 It can be implemented in hardware,
software or combination of both.
 FL’s approach to control problems
mimics how a person would make
decisions, only much faster.
Where d id Fuzzy lo gic
came fr om?
 This concept was conceived by Lotfi Zodeh, a person
at the University of California at Barkley.
 Professor Zodeh reasoned that people do not require
precise, numerical information input,& yet they are
capable of highly adaptive control.
 U.S manufacturers have not been so quick to
embrace this technique while Europeans and
Japanese have been aggressively building real
products around it.
How d oes FL work?

 FL requires some numerical parameters in


order to operate such at what is significant
rate of change of error.
 Applied in data collection, representation
&analysis as well as classification of land,
soil & remotely sensed imagery.
KN OW LEDG E: G eneral
Concept
 Definition.
 Importance of knowledge.
 AI has given new meaning and
importance to knowledge.
 Illustration.
 We are not far from the realization of this.
COMP ONENT S OF A
KNOWLED GE BA SED
SYSTEM
Different le ve ls o f
knowle dge
repre se ntatio n
ARTI FICI AL NEU RAL
NETW ORK
 ANN biologically inspired as is much of
AI & based on a loose analogy of the
presumed working of a brain.
 ANN consists of ‘neurons & connectors
as in neuron, structure of brain.
APPL ICATI ONS

 Game playing
 Speech recognition
 Understanding natural language
 Computer vision
 Expert systems
 Heuristic classification

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