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    Water Filtration

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    maliprathamesh13

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    Water Filtration

    Uploaded by

    maliprathamesh13
    10 views9 pages

    Original Title

    Water filtration

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views9 pages

    Water Filtration

    Uploaded by

    maliprathamesh13

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    WATER FILTRATION

    Introduction:
    Conventional rapid sand filters are commonly used in every water treatment plant.
    In India, the major source of water is rain fall. In 2014 India faced severe drought
    due to improper storage facilities and poor management. Hence, it is today’s need
    to reduce the wastage of water and conserve it for future generations.
    This contains techniques which are usually intended to provide a treatment relating
    to the overall effect of groups of compounds or ion rather than treating
    concentration of individual components. Treatments that we shall be looking at
    including demand (oxidisable material), total organic carbon and electrical
    conductivity.
     Filtration
    Filtration is also another important element of the treatment process. This
    process involves the water passing through a bed of fine particles, usually
    sand. This process is called sand filtration. Other materials are also used in the
    filtration process. Generally they are layered.
     PROCESS OF SELECTION OF SITE
    Factors commonly considered in site selection include
    environmental parameters (e.g. distance from residential areas,
    present and future land use, availability, buffer zones, etc.),
    geological and hydrology criteria (e.g. slope of land, soil type,
    surface and underground water sources, flood plains, permeability,
     WATER TREATMENT MECHANISM
    1:Physical processes:
    Physical water treatment typically consists of filtration techniques that involve the use of screens, sand
    filtration or cross flow filtration membranes.
    2: Biological processes:
    Engineers have harnessed biological processes in wastewater treatment for decades. The simplest
    example of this is activated sludge, where a culture of microorganisms is released into wastewater to
    consume organic contaminants.
    3:Chemical processes:
    Slow sand filters represent one example of biological approaches used in water purification, which
    implies using 1–2 m deep tubes filled with sand, which retain the impurities present in the filtered
    water. Activated carbon (charcoal), another utilized approach, is a microporous carbon with high
    surface area and enhanced adsorption properties
     DISINFECTION
    Killing, removal, or deactivation of harmful microorganisms can be
    referred to as disinfection. Destruction or deactivation of pathogenic
    microorganisms results in stopping their reproduction and growth. People
    may fall ill by consuming the contaminated water containing the
    pathogenic microorganisms. Disinfection and sterilization are interrelated
    processes, but sterilization kills all the harmful and harmless
    microorganisms. Hence, disinfection is a more appropriate process.
     WATER STORAGE AND WATER DISTRIBUTION
    After treatment, drinking water is distributed via large trunk mains to
    water storage reservoirs. From these reservoirs water is reticulated to
    each household through a network of smaller water mains.
     Water Meter:
    Water metering is the practice of measuring water use. Water meters measure the
    volume of water used by residential and commercial building units that are
    supplied with water by a public water supply system. They are also used to
    determine flow through a particular portion of the system.
    (Unit: Gallons or Cubic feet)
    While the cost of purchasing residential meters is low, the total life cycle costs
    of metering are high. For example, retrofitting flats in large buildings with
    meters for every flat can involve major and thus costly plumbing work.
    There is disagreement as to the effect of metering and water pricing on water
    consumption. The price elasticity of metered water demand varies greatly
    depending on local conditions. The effect of volumetric water pricing on
    consumption tends to be higher if the water bill represents a significant portion
    of household expenditures.
     THANK YOU

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