TYPES OF VISUAL ART

AND MEDIA FORMS

Reading Visual Arts (Gec103)
Michael Angelo O. Castro, LPT
Architecture
• Architecture is one of the classical forms
of fine art and has always had a strong
association with the art world. Creating a
beautiful structure, from the design
phase, developing and building
structures or other buildings combine
into what we know as architecture.
• Architecture is the art and method of
building and designing structures with an
artistic element instead of relying solely
on construction abilities. The practice of
architectural design is used to meet both
functional and artistic needs, therefore
serving both practical and creative goals.
THREE MAIN
TYPES OF
ARCHITECTURE
 CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

 MODERN ARCHITECTURE

 CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE
• Classical architecture is derived from the architecture
of 5th-century BCE Greece and 3rd-century CE Rome. It
made its first resurgence during the Carolingian
Renaissance (8th–9th centuries) then again more
prominently during the Italian Renaissance of the 15th
and 16th centuries. Classical architecture is ornamental
with the visual emphasis being place on the façade, or
front of the building, which is where the visual
emphasis is placed, often filled with reliefs and statues.
• While styles of Classical architecture can vary greatly,
the most recognizable components of Classical
architecture are the columns, which are large pillars
evenly spaced along the base of the structure used to
support the ceiling.
• Modern architecture is the architectural
style that dominated the Western world
between the 1930s and the 1960s and was
characterized by an analytical and
functional approach to building design.
• Buildings in the style are often defined by
flat roofs, open floor plans, curtain
windows, and minimal ornamentation.
• Modern architecture is based on
abstraction, which is created by clean
lines, basic shapes, and forms. Thus,
simple, plain, geometric forms, rectangular
shapes, and linear elements make the
characteristics of modern architecture.
• Contemporary architecture refers to the
current style of architecture. Buildings from
the late 20th century to the present moment
that include elements such as unconventional
or non-linear forms, innovative materials,
and sustainable building practices may be
referred to as works of contemporary
architecture.
Ceramics
• Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials
(including clay), which may take forms such as
pottery, tile, figurines, sculpture, and tableware.
While some ceramic products are considered
fine art, some are considered to be decorative,
industrial, or applied art objects.
• Ceramics may also be considered artifacts in
archaeology. Ceramic art can be made by one
person or by a group of people. In a pottery or
ceramic factory, a group of people design,
manufacture, and decorate the pottery.
Products from a pottery are sometimes referred
to as "art pottery.“
2 Types of Ceramics :
• Pottery Ceramics
• Advance Ceramics
Painting
• Painting is a mode of creative expression, and can be
done in numerous forms. Drawing, gesture (as in gestural
painting), composition, narration (as in narrative art), or
abstraction (as in abstract art), among other aesthetic
modes, may serve to manifest the expressive and
conceptual intention of the practitioner. [15] Paintings
can be naturalistic and representational (as in a still life
or landscape painting), photographic, abstract, narrative,
symbolistic (as in Symbolist art), emotive (as in
Expressionism), or political in nature (as in Artivism).
 • There is a huge range of different styles that are
incorporated into art, with some having subtle
differences between them to bold, striking changes that
are easy to spot. These are some of the most popular
TYPES OF types of painting art styles you’ll see in the modern day.

PAINTING REALISM
• Realism is a painting art style that aims to give the
STYLES viewer a reflection of the real world. Many of the most
famous paintings are painted in this style and for many,
paintings made in this style are what they will think of
when they think of ‘art’. It is important, however, to
make the distinction between realism and photorealism
– the former concerns itself with a realistic scene but
does not aim to be a true depiction.
Photorealism
• You may also see photorealism referred to as hyperrealism or super-realism. This painting
style aims to create a painting that’s indistinguishable from real life or a photograph –
hence the name. This makes it distinct from realism, as unless you take a much closer
look at a photorealism painting you will not be able to see that it is indeed a painting.
Expressionism
• At the other end of the spectrum is expressionism. Expressionism is a style of art that
doesn’t concern itself with realism, images and scenes are often distorted or painted
with otherworldly, vivid colours that don’t match up with reality. The focus is instead on
the artist’s ideas or feelings, which are expressed through the medium of art.
Impressionism
• Impressionism is a painting style most commonly associated with the 19th century where
small brush strokes are used to build up a larger picture. This art style lies somewhere
between expressionism and realism, with a focus on accurate lighting but with no emphasis
on a realistic scene.
Abstract
• Abstract paintings eschew realism altogether. Whatever the subject in the painting, it may
not be accurately represented at all in the artwork. Objects may be represented by a colour
or a shape instead, with the interpretation left up to the viewer. The impact of an abstract
painting cannot be understated, with many using shocking displays of colour and form to
dizzy the senses.
Surrealism
• Surrealism first became a movement in the 20th century, Combining abstract concepts
with semi-realistic objects that have been twisted or morphed into something unusual,
they can be illogical or dreamlike, giving the viewer a heightened sense of reality.
Pop Art
• In the 1950s and onwards, pop art became a movement that drew inspiration from the
commodification and commercialism of modern life. Using cartoons or adverts in many
of the style’s most famous works, pop art uses realistic imagery combined with bold
colours to highlight the artist’s intent.
Drawing
• Drawing is a means of making an image, using
any of a wide variety of tools and techniques.
It generally involves making marks on a
surface by applying pressure from a tool, or
moving a tool across a surface. Common tools
are graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked
brushes, wax colour pencils, crayons,
charcoals, pastels, and markers. Digital tools
which can simulate the effects of these are
also used. The main techniques used in
drawing are line drawing, hatching,
crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling,
stippling, and blending.
• An artist who excels in drawing is referred to
as a drafter, draftswoman, or draughtsman.
• Drawing can be used to create art used in
cultural industries such as illustrations, comics
and animation. Comics are often called the
"ninth art" (le neuvième art) in Francophone
scholarship, adding to the traditional "Seven
Arts"
Types of drawing

1. Caricature drawing
• Caricature drawings are images that depict their subjects in oversimplified or
overdramatized manners. Some hallmarks of caricatures may include enlarging
or shrinking someone's facial features or personifying an object. Artists may use
caricature in animation, advertising or graphic design.

2. Cartoon drawing
• Cartoon drawings typically depict a more comedic or whimsical view of the
world. Similar to caricatures, they may use overdramatized shapes and colors to
show emotion or tone through images. Artists may use cartoons in illustrations,
animation, advertising and graphic design.
Some specific types of cartoons include:
• Comics
• Editorial
3. Figure drawing
• Artists create figure drawings, also known as still-life drawings, by making
observations of the physical world. Subjects are often human models, but can
also include objects like fruit, vehicles or items in nature. Artists who work in
figure drawing try to capture the world as they see it. Art instructors typically
use figure drawing to teach fundamentals and help students learn perspective,
proportions, and shading.

4. Gesture drawing
• Like figure drawing, gesture drawing uses real-life subjects as inspiration.
However, gesture drawing focuses on movement and hopes to capture action,
form and pose. Often, models or subjects change poses every one to five
minutes to enact motion. The shorter the pose, the less an artist can capture, so
gesture drawings may be less detailed than other types of illustrations.

5. Line drawing
• Line drawing focuses on the use of straight lines and contours without shading.
In most line drawings, the artist creates an entire image without picking their
instrument up from the surface. Line drawing may teach the importance of
angles and curves without putting an emphasis on detail.
6. Perspective drawing
• Artists use perspective drawing, also known as 3D or anamorphic drawing, to
create three-dimensional images in a two-dimensional space, such as on paper.
Those who use this type of drawing pay attention to distance, space, light,
volume, surface and scale to determine how each object relates to one another.
Two types of perspective drawing include:
• Aerial perspective: Focuses on shading, tone and color aspects of perspective
• Linear perspective: Focuses on the organization of shapes within a space

7. Pointillism
• Pointillism is an artistic technique more often used in painting but can also
apply to drawings. It uses a stippling method to create many tiny dots that,
when viewed from afar, create a realistic image with light and shadows.
Drawing tools
Artists use a variety of tools to make drawings, including:
• Chalk is a powdery drawing tool made from naturally occurring minerals. Often,
manufacturers add other pigments to create colors besides red, white and black.
Chalk is a suitable tool for blending and shading and works on many surfaces. It's
easily transferable among surfaces.
• Charcoal is a crumbly black material made of carbon. In art, it's often sold in sticks
or pencils. It's an excellent tool for shading and blending because it's easily smudged.
• Colored pencils are wood shells with wax or oil pigmented centers. They come in a
variety of colors and hues. Unlike other materials, they're less like to smudge but still
blend easily.
• Wax crayons add color to drawings in a non-transferable way. Because of their
construction, crayons are less likely to transfer surfaces, but are also more difficult to
use for blending and shading.
• Graphite is a metallic gray powder that comes in pencils and sticks. It's often used
for line drawing, blending and shading. Like other tools, it may transfer among
surfaces.
• Ink, a liquid pigmentation, usually fills pens and markers for drawing. With additives,
ink may come in a variety of colors and consistencies. Ink may help in line drawing
and blending. It's transferable when wet.
• Pastels are sticks of powdered pigment made from oil or water-based materials.
Sculpture
• Sculpture is the branch of the visual
arts that operates in three
dimensions. It is one of the plastic
arts. Durable sculptural processes
originally used carving (the removal
of material) and modelling (the
addition of material, as clay), in stone,
metal, ceramics, wood and other
materials; but since modernism, shifts
in sculptural process led to an almost
complete freedom of materials and
process. A wide variety of materials
may be worked by removal such as
carving, assembled by welding or
modelling, or moulded, or cast
 The 4 Main Types of Sculpting Techniques
CARVING
• Carving is one of the oldest sculpting techniques, and you can still find it today in many
modern sculptures. This technique involves the sculptor carefully chipping away from a chosen
material, slowly bringing their desired figure to life. Sculptors who carve will use equipment
such as knives, chisels, and sanding sheets to form materials like wood, stone, and marble,
bringing forward some beautiful sculptures.

ASSEMBLING
• Assembling is the opposite of carving, as instead of taking away from a material, assembling
continually combines materials, forming a sculpture. This technique is more modern as finding
resources is easier than ever before. An example of an assembled piece is Mark di Suvero’s
Aurora; a sculpture di Suvero created from eight tons of steel. You can find this sculpture at
the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
MODELING
• Modeling is a technique in which the artist molds a material to create the desired
piece. Ancient artists used this technique to make pottery, manipulating soft
materials like waxes and clays. They would then form the piece to their liking
with knives and chisels. It is an ancient process, but it still has a lot of real-world
applications today in contemporary ceramic art.

CASTING
• The last technique artists commonly use is casting, where they’ll pour molten
materials like metal into a mold. An outsider may view this as not being very
artistic, but much of the artistry comes from creating the mold and refining the
cast piece. After the artist pours the metal into the mold and allows it to harden,
they will add additional details, and clean up the metal, giving the sculpture a
more pristine look.
Photography
• Photography as an art form refers to
photographs that are created in
accordance with the creative vision of
the photographer. Art photography
stands in contrast to photojournalism,
which provides a visual account for news
events, and commercial photography,
the primary focus of which is to
advertise products or services.

• Photography is the practice or method

of creating images by the means of an
image sensor. It is the art of producing
images by the action of radiant energy
using a camera.
Types of Photography
Nature Photography Fashion Photography
Landscape Photography Sports Photography
Astrophotography
Documentary Photography
Storm Photography
Street Photography
Pet Photography
Macro Photography Wedding Photography
Flower Photography Food Photography
Architecture Photography Product Photography
Real estate Photography Still life Photography
Drone Photography Black and White Photography
Aerial Photography
Fine art Photography
Portrait Photography
Surreal Photography
Headshot Photography
Abstract Photography
Printmaking
• It is a form of art that makes pictures or designs
through the method of printing.

• Printmaking is an artistic process based on the principle

of transferring images from a matrix onto another
surface, most often paper or fabric. Traditional
printmaking techniques include woodcut, etching,
engraving, and lithography, while modern artists have
expanded available techniques to include
screenprinting.
Video making, vlogging,
or film making

• Video making, vlogging, or film

making is the process of
producing video content using a
camera. It uses moving images.
Editing, directing, and
cinematography may be
involved.
 Textile art

• Textile art is the process

of creating something
new using fabric or
fibers.
 Digital art

• Digital art is the use of

digital technology to
create something new
or a new form of art.
 Installation art
• Installation art is a form of
art that is three-
dimensional. It is usually
made on a large scale, and
it is usually constructed. It is
also made in a specific
place and designed for that
exact space.
Calligraphy

• Calligraphy is an art form

that produces decorative
handwriting using a pen,
pencil, or brush.
Thank you for Listening